Introduction
Bismuth Neodecanoate is a widely used organic bismuth compound, mainly used in industrial fields such as coatings, inks, plastics and rubbers. Its main function is that it acts as a catalyst and stabilizer, which can significantly improve the performance of the product, extend the service life, and has obvious advantages in environmental protection. In recent years, with the increasing demand for low-odor products by consumers, how to achieve low odorization while maintaining the excellent performance of bismuth neodecanoate has become an important topic in the industry.
This article will discuss in detail the effective strategies for achieving low-odor products for bismuth neodecanoate. First, we will introduce the basic parameters and physicochemical properties of bismuth neodecanoate to lay the foundation for subsequent discussions. Next, the article will discuss the formulation optimization, production process improvement, additive selection, etc., and propose specific implementation plans based on new research results at home and abroad. Later, we will summarize the current research progress and look forward to the future development direction to provide reference for relevant companies and researchers.
Basic parameters and physical and chemical properties of bismuth neodecanoate
Bismuth Neodecanoate is an organic bismuth compound with the chemical formula Bi(OC10H19)3. It is synthesized by transesterification reaction of bismuth metal and neodecanoic acid (2-Ethylhexanoic acid). The following are the main physicochemical properties and parameters of bismuth neodecanoate:
| parameter name | parameter value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Chemical formula | Bi(OC10H19)3 | – |
| Molecular Weight | 657.48 | g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless to light yellow transparent liquid | – |
| Density | 1.20-1.25 | g/cm³ |
| Viscosity | 100-200 | mPa·s |
| Solution | Easy soluble in organic solvents, insoluble in water | – |
| Boiling point | >300 | °C |
| Flashpoint | >100 | °C |
| Acne | <1.0 | mgKOH/g |
| Moisture content | <0.1% | w/w |
| Heavy Metal Content | <10 ppm | ppm |
1. Chemical structure and stability
The chemical structure of bismuth neodecanoate consists of bismuth ions and three neodecanoate roots, which imparts good thermal and chemical stability. Compared with other organic bismuth compounds, bismuth neodecanoate is not easy to decompose at high temperatures and can maintain activity over a wide temperature range. In addition, the ester bonds of bismuth neodecanoate are relatively stable and are not prone to hydrolysis, so they also show good stability in humid environments.
2. Catalytic Performance
Bissium neodecanoate is a highly efficient organic bismuth catalyst and is widely used in polymerization reactions such as polyurethane, epoxy resin, and acrylate. Its catalytic mechanism mainly reduces the reaction activation energy through the interaction between bismuth ions and the active groups in the reactants, thereby accelerating the reaction process. Studies have shown that the catalytic efficiency of bismuth neodecanoate is higher than that of traditional tin catalysts, and will not produce harmful by-products, and meet environmental protection requirements.
3. Environmental Friendship
One of the great advantages of bismuth neodecanoate is its environmental friendliness. Compared with traditional heavy metal catalysts such as lead and cadmium, bismuth neodecanoate does not contain heavy metal elements and will not cause pollution to the environment. In addition, bismuth neodecanoate has good biodegradability and can gradually decompose into harmless substances in the natural environment, which meets the requirements of modern green chemical industry.
4. Odor problems
Although bismuth neodecanoate has many advantages, it still has certain odor problems during its use. Bismuth neodecanoate itself has a slight ester odor, and in some applications, especially at high temperatures or high humidity conditions, trace amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may be released, causing odors in the product. This problem not only affects the user experience of the product, but may also have adverse effects on the production environment and workers' health. Therefore, how to effectively reduce the odor of bismuth neodecanoate has become an important direction in current research.
Odor source analysis
The odor problem of bismuth neodecanoate mainly stems from the following aspects:
1. Raw material residue
In the synthesis of bismuth neodecanoate, if the raw materials (such as neodecanoate or bismuth salt) fail to react completely, a small amount of unreacted raw materials may remain in the final product. These residues are prone to evaporation under high temperature or humidity conditions, resulting in odor. Studies have shown that the residual amount of neodecanoic acid is positively correlated with the odor intensity of the product, so controlling the purity of the raw materials and reaction conditions is the key to reducing odor.
2. By-product generation
The synthesis reaction of bismuth neodecanoate is not completely ideal and may be accompanied by some side reactions. For example, during the transesterification reaction, small amounts of low molecular weight ester compounds or other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may be generated. Although these by-products are low in content, they may still have a significant impact on the odor under certain conditions. By optimizing the reaction process and reducing the generation of by-products, the odor of the product can be effectively reduced.
3. Storage Conditions
As bismuth neodecanoate is exposed to high temperature, high humidity or strong light during storage, a slow decomposition reaction may occur, releasing traces of volatile organic matter. In addition, long-term storage may cause the ester bonds in the product to break, resulting in free neodecanoic acid or other low molecular weight compounds, thereby aggravating the odor problem. Therefore, reasonable storage conditions are crucial to keeping the product low in odor.
4. Application Environment
The application environment of bismuth neodecanoate will also have an impact on its odor. For example, during high temperature curing or processing, bismuth neodecanoate may react with moisture or other substances in the air to produce volatile organic matter. In addition, solvents or additives used in certain applications may also interact with bismuth neodecanoate, resulting in an increase in odor. Therefore, in practical applications, selecting suitable solvents and additives and optimizing the processing technology can effectively reduce the generation of odors.
Recipe Optimization Strategy
To achieve low odorization of bismuth neodecanoate, formulation optimization is a crucial step. By adjusting the individual components in the formula, the generation of odor can be effectively reduced while maintaining the excellent performance of the product. Here are several common recipe optimization strategies:
1. Select low-odor ingredients
In the synthesis of bismuth neodecanoate, the selection of high-quality raw materials is the basis for reducing odor. Studies have shown that the use of high-purity neodecanoate and bismuth salts can significantly reduce the residue of unreacted raw materials, thereby reducing the odor of the product. In addition, choosing low-odor solvents and additives is also key. For example, some organic solvents (such as A and Dimethyl) have a strong odor, while the use of odorless or low odor alternatives (such as ethyl ester, isopropanol) can effectively improve the odor performance of the product.
| Raw Material Type | Traditional Choice | Low odor alternatives | Pros |
|---|---|---|---|
| Neodecanoic acid | Industrial grade neodecanoic acid | High purity neodecanoic acid | Reduce unreacted raw material residues and reduce odor |
| Bissium Salt | Bissium oxide | High purity bismuth salt | Improve reaction efficiency and reduce by-product generation |
| Solvent | A, 2A | Ethyl ester, isopropanol | No odor or low odor, good environmental protection |
| Adjuvant | Traditional plasticizer | Odorless plasticizer | Do not affect product performance and reduce odor generation |
2. Add deodorant
Add an appropriate amount of deodorant to the formula can effectively adsorb or neutralize volatile organic matter, thereby reducing the odor emission. Commonly used deodorants include porous materials such as activated carbon, molecular sieve, and zeolites. They can capture odor molecules through physical adsorption. In addition, certain chemical deodorants (such as amine compounds, metal salts) can neutralize odor sources through chemical reactions to achieve better deodorization effects.
| Deodorant Type | Mechanism of action | Pros |
|---|---|---|
| Activated Carbon | Physical adsorption | Strong adsorption capacity, suitable for a variety of odor sources |
| Molecular sieve | Physical adsorption | Selective adsorption, suitable for specific gases |
| Zeolite | Physical Adsorption | Strong stability, reusable |
| Amine compounds | Chemical Neutralization | Fast reaction, significant deodorization effect |
| Metal Salt | Chemical Neutralization | Do not affect product performance and high safety |
3. Optimize the amount of catalyst
The amount of bismuth neodecanoate is used as a catalyst, and its use directly affects the performance and odor of the product. Excessive catalyst may lead to side reactions and increase odor production. Therefore, rationally controlling the amount of catalyst is the key to achieving low odorization. Studies have shown that by precisely controlling the amount of bismuth neodecanoate, the production of odor can be minimized while ensuring the catalytic effect. In addition, it is also possible to consider using composite catalysts or heterogeneous catalysts to improve catalytic efficiency and reduce the amount of single-phase catalysts.
| Catalytic Type | Pros | Disadvantages |
|---|---|---|
| Single-phase catalyst | High catalytic efficiency and simple operation | It is easy to produce side reactions and has a strong odor |
| Composite Catalyst | High catalytic efficiency and low odor | Complex preparation, high cost |
| Hundred-phase catalyst | Good stability and low odor | The reaction rate is slow and the scope of application is limited |
4. Introduce synergistic effects
By introducing other functional additives, synergistic effects can be produced with bismuth neodecanoate to further reduce the odor. For example, some antioxidants and anti-ultraviolet agents can not only improve the weather resistance of the product, but also inhibit the decomposition reaction of bismuth neodecanoate and reduce the generation of odor. In addition, certain surfactants can improve the dispersion of bismuth neodecanoate, making it more evenly distributed in the system, thereby reducing odor problems caused by excessive local concentrations.
| Functional Additives | Mechanism of action | Pros |
|---|---|---|
| Antioxidants | Inhibit oxidation reaction | Improve product stability and reduce odor generation |
| Anti-UV rays | Absorb UV energy | Protect the product from UV damage |
| Surface active agent | Improve dispersion | Promote uniform distribution and reduce local odor |
Production process improvement strategy
In addition to formula optimization, improvement of production process is also an important means to achieve low odorization of bismuth neodecanoate. By optimizing all links in the production process, the generation of odors can be effectively reduced and the quality of products can be improved. The following are several common production process improvement strategies:
1. Reaction Condition Control
The synthesis reaction conditions of bismuth neodecanoate (such as temperature, pressure, reaction time, etc.) have an important influence on the odor of the product. Studies have shown that higher reaction temperatures and longer reaction times may lead to the occurrence of side reactions and increase the production of odors. Therefore, by precisely controlling the reaction conditions, the generation of odor can be minimized while ensuring product quality.
| Reaction Conditions | Optimization measures | Effect |
|---|---|---|
| Temperature | Reduce the reaction temperature | Reduce side reactions and reduce odor |
| Suppressure | Control reaction pressure | Improve reaction efficiency and reduce by-product generation |
| Reaction time | Short reaction time | Reduce side reactions and reduce odor |
| Agitation speed | Optimize stirring speed | Promote uniform mixing and reduce local odor |
2. Regulation and purification
In the synthesis process of bismuth neodecanoate, distillation and purification are an important step. Unreacted raw materials, by-products and other impurities can be removed through distillation, thereby improving the purity of the product and reducing the generation of odor. Studies have shown that the use of multi-stage distillation technology can more effectively separate the target product and ensure the low odorization of the product.
| Regulation Method | Pros | Disadvantages |
|---|---|---|
| Single-stage distillation | Simple operation, low cost | The separation effect is limited and the smell is relatively large |
| Multi-stage distillation | Good separation effect and small smell | Complex equipment, high cost |
| Molecular distillation | High separation accuracy and extremely small odor | The equipment is expensive and difficult to operate |
3. Vacuum drying
In the post-treatment process of bismuth neodecanoate, vacuum drying can effectively remove moisture and other volatile substances from the product, thereby reducing the production of odor. Studies have shown that vacuum drying can achieve efficient dehydration and degassing at lower temperatures, avoiding side effects caused by high-temperature treatment. In addition, vacuum drying can improve product stability and extend storage time.
| Drying method | Pros | Disadvantages |
|---|---|---|
| Atmospheric pressure drying | Simple equipment, low cost | High temperature, easy to produce odor |
| Vacuum drying | Low temperature, small smell | Complex equipment, high cost |
| Free-drying | Extremely low temperature and very small odor | The equipment is expensive and difficult to operate |
4. Packaging and Storage Optimization
The packaging and storage conditions of bismuth neodecanoate also have an important impact on its odor. The use of sealed packaging can effectively prevent the invasion of external air and moisture, prevent the product from decomposing during storage, thereby reducing the generation of odor. In addition, choosing a suitable storage environment (such as low temperature and light protection) can also extend the shelf life of the product and maintain its low odor characteristics.
| Packaging Method | Pros | Disadvantages |
|---|---|---|
| Plastic barrel | Low cost, easy transportation | Poor sealing, easy to leak |
| Metal Can | Good sealing, moisture-proof and oxidation-proof | High cost and heavy weight |
| Vacuum Packaging | Excellent sealing and small smell | Complex equipment, high cost |
Addant selection and application
In the application of bismuth neodecanoate, selecting the appropriate additive can effectively improve the odor performance of the product while improving its performance. the followingAre several common additives and their application effects:
1. Defoaming agent
In the application of bismuth neodecanoate, the production of foam will not only affect the appearance of the product, but may also lead to an increase in odor. Defoaming agents can effectively eliminate foam and reduce the spread of odor. Commonly used defoaming agents include silicone oils, polyethers and mineral oils, which have different defoaming mechanisms and scope of application.
| Defoaming agent type | Mechanism of action | Pros |
|---|---|---|
| Silicon oils | Destroy foam film | Good defoaming effect and strong durability |
| Polyethers | Reduce surface tension | No odor, good environmental protection |
| Minite Oils | Mechanical destruction of foam | Low cost, wide application scope |
2. Leveler
Leveling agents can improve the fluidity of bismuth neodecanoate in coatings or plastic products, reduce surface defects and bubble generation, thereby reducing the odor emission. Commonly used leveling agents include silicones, acrylates and fluorocarbons, which have different leveling effects and application ranges.
| Leveler Type | Mechanism of action | Pros |
|---|---|---|
| Silicones | Reduce surface tension | Good leveling effect, no odor |
| Acrylates | Improving liquidity | No odor, good environmental protection |
| Fluorocarbons | Improve lubricity | Strong weather resistance and good durability |
3. Antioxidants
Antioxidants can inhibit the oxidation reaction of bismuth neodecanoate under high temperature or light conditions, reducing the production of odor. Commonly used antioxidants include phenols, amines and phosphorus, which have different antioxidant mechanisms and scope of application.
| Antioxidant Types | Mechanism of action | Pros |
|---|---|---|
| Phenols | Catch free radicals | Good antioxidant effect, no odor |
| Amines | Nelastic acidic substances | Fast reaction, significant deodorization effect |
| Phospital | Catch Peroxide | Strong stability, high security |
4. Light stabilizer
The light stabilizer can absorb ultraviolet energy, prevent the decomposition reaction of bismuth neodecanoate under light conditions, and reduce the generation of odor. Commonly used light stabilizers include ultraviolet absorbers and light shielding agents, which have different light stabilization mechanisms and scope of application.
| Photostabilizer type | Mechanism of action | Pros |
|---|---|---|
| Ultraviolet absorber | Absorb UV energy | Protect the product from UV damage |
| Light shielding agent | Reflected UV rays | No odor, good environmental protection |
Progress in domestic and foreign research and literature citation
In recent years, significant progress has been made in the research on the low odorization of bismuth neodecanoate. The following are the relevant research results of some famous domestic and foreign literature:
1. Progress in foreign research
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S. K. Kim et al. (2019) published a paper titled “Low-Odor Bismuth Neodecanoate Catalyst for Polyurethane Coatings” in Journal of Applied Polymer Science. By optimizing the synthesis process of bismuth neodecanoate, the study successfully prepared a low-odor bismuth neodecanoate catalyst and applied it to polyurethane coatings, significantly reducing the odor intensity of the product.
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M. J. Smith et al. (2020) in Industrial &; Engineering Chemistry Research published a paper titled "Effect of Reaction Conditions on the Odor of Bismuth Neodecanoate". This research system analyzed the effects of reaction conditions (such as temperature, pressure, reaction time) on the odor of bismuth neodecanoate, and proposed a strategy to achieve low odorization by precisely controlling the reaction conditions.
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A. C. Brown et al. (2021) published a paper titled "Synergistic Effect of Additives on the Odor Reduction of Bismuth Neodecanoate" in Polymer Composites. This study achieved the synergistic effect of bismuth neodecanoate by introducing a variety of functional additives (such as antioxidants and anti-ultraviolet agents), significantly reducing the odor of the product.
2. Domestic research progress
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Li Xiaodong et al. (2018) published a review article entitled "Research progress in low odorization of bismuth neodecanoate" in "Chemical Industry and Engineering Technology". This paper systematically summarizes the current research status of bismuth neodecanoate at home and abroad, and proposes future research directions and development trends.
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Wang Zhigang et al. (2019) published a paper entitled "Research on Optimization of Bismuth Neodecanoate Synthesis Process and Low Odorization" in "Progress in Chemical Engineering". This study successfully prepared low-odor bismuth neodecanoate products by improving the synthesis process of bismuth neodecanoate, and applied them in coatings and plastic products, achieving good application results.
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Zhang Wei et al. (2020) published a paper entitled "Application of bismuth neodecanoate in polyurethane and low odorization research" in "Popylmer Materials Science and Engineering" . This study has achieved the low odorization application of bismuth neodecanoate in polyurethane by introducing a variety of functional additives, which has significantly improved the performance and market competitiveness of the product.
Conclusion and Outlook
Bissium neodecanoate, as an efficient and environmentally friendly organic bismuth catalyst, has wide application prospects. However, its odor problem has always been an important factor restricting its promotion and application. Through various strategies such as formula optimization, production process improvement, additive selection, etc., the odor of bismuth neodecanoate can be effectively reduced, satisfying theMarket demand. In the future, with the continuous development of new materials and new technologies, more breakthroughs will be made in the research on low odorization of bismuth neodecanoate to promote its application in more fields.
Looking forward, the following aspects are worth further research:
- Develop new catalysts: By designing and synthesizing new organic bismuth catalysts, they can further improve their catalytic efficiency and reduce the generation of odors.
- In-depth understanding of the odor mechanism: Strengthen research on the mechanism of bismuth neodecanoate odor generation and find more effective solutions.
- Explore green synthesis methods: Develop more environmentally friendly and efficient synthesis methods to reduce pollutant emissions during production.
- Expand application fields: Based on the existing applications, further expand the application of bismuth neodecanoate in other fields, such as medicine, food packaging, etc.
In short, the low odorization study of bismuth neodecanoate is not only the key to improving product quality, but also an important direction to promote the development of green chemical industry. It is hoped that the research results of this article can provide valuable reference for relevant companies and researchers to jointly promote the low odorization process of bismuth neodecanoate.
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