Introduction to the method of CS90, a tertiary amine catalyst, to improve the comfort of soft foam

Introduction

Soft foam materials are widely used in furniture, mattresses, car seats, packaging and other fields due to their excellent comfort and versatility. As consumers' requirements for product quality continue to improve, how to further improve the comfort of soft foam has become the focus of industry attention. Catalysts play a crucial role in the production process of soft foam. They not only affect the foaming process, but also determine the physical performance and user experience of the final product. As a common organic catalyst, tertiary amine catalysts have significant advantages in the production of soft foams. This article will focus on how tertiary amine catalyst CS90 can improve the comfort of soft foam by optimizing the foaming process, and combine domestic and foreign literature to explore its performance and potential improvement direction in practical applications.

Term amine catalyst CS90 is a high-efficiency, low-odor organic amine catalyst, widely used in the production of polyurethane soft foam. It can effectively promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, accelerate the foaming and curing process, thereby improving the key performance indicators such as the density, hardness, resilience and breathability of the foam. Through in-depth research on CS90, we can better understand its mechanism of action in soft foam production, thereby providing scientific basis and technical support for improving product comfort.

This article will discuss from the following aspects: First, introduce the basic parameters and characteristics of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90; second, analyze the specific application of CS90 in soft foam production and its impact on foam performance in detail; then, Based on domestic and foreign literature, we will discuss the performance and advantages of CS90 in different application scenarios; then, we will summarize the application prospects of CS90 and put forward future research directions and improvement suggestions. It is hoped that through the systematic introduction of this article, it can provide valuable references to researchers and practitioners in related fields.

Basic parameters and characteristics of tertiary amine catalyst CS90

Term amine catalyst CS90 is a highly efficient catalyst designed for the production of polyurethane soft foams. It belongs to an organic amine catalyst, has unique chemical structure and physical properties, and can significantly improve the foaming efficiency and curing speed of the foam at a lower dose. The following are the main parameters and characteristics of CS90:

1. Chemical composition and molecular structure

The chemical name of CS90 is N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA), and its molecular formula is C8H17N. The compound is a secondary amine with one cyclohexane ring and two methyl substituents, conferring good solubility and reactivity. The molecular structure of CS90 enables it to undergo an efficient catalytic reaction with isocyanates and polyols, promoting foam formation and curing.

2. Physical properties

3. Chemical Properties

CS90, as a tertiary amine catalyst, has strong alkalinity and can effectively catalyze the reaction between isocyanate and polyol. It accelerates the reaction rate by reducing the reaction activation energy, thereby shortening the foaming time and curing time of the foam. In addition, the CS90 also has low volatility and odor, which makes it not produce obvious irritating odors in practical applications, and meets environmental protection and health and safety requirements.

4. Temperature range

CS90 has a wide temperature range of use and usually maintains good catalytic effects between room temperature and 120°C. Under low temperature conditions, CS90 can still effectively promote the reaction, ensuring uniform foaming and curing of the foam. Under high temperature conditions, the catalytic activity of CS90 will be further enhanced, but excessive temperatures may lead to side reactions. Therefore, in actual production, the appropriate temperature range needs to be selected according to the specific process conditions.

5. Compatibility with other additives

CS90 has good compatibility with other common polyurethane additives (such as surfactants, crosslinkers, foaming agents, etc.), and can work synergistically with other additives without sacrificing foam performance. Optimize the physical properties of the foam. For example, when used in conjunction with silicone oil surfactants, the cellular structure of the foam can be significantly improved, and bubble merger and bursting can be reduced, thereby increasing the density and elasticity of the foam.

6. Environmental protection and safety

CS90 is a low-odor, low-volatility catalyst, complies with the relevant standards of the EU REACH regulations and the US EPA, and has good environmental protection performance. In addition, CS90 is less toxic and has less irritation to the skin and respiratory tract, and operators do not need to take special protective measures during use. However, to ensure safe production, it is recommended to use in a well-ventilated environment and avoid prolonged exposure to high concentrations of CS90 steam.

Application of CS90 in soft foam production

Term amine catalyst CS90 in soft foam productionThe application is mainly reflected in its regulation of the foaming process and the optimization of the physical properties of the foam. By reasonably adjusting the usage and addition method of CS90, the comfort of soft foam can be significantly improved and the needs of different application scenarios can be met. The following are the specific application of CS90 in soft foam production and its impact on foam performance.

1. Regulation of foaming process

In the production of soft foams, foaming is a complex chemical reaction process involving the polymerization reaction between isocyanate and polyol, as well as the formation and expansion of gases. As a tertiary amine catalyst, CS90 can effectively promote this reaction, shorten the foaming time, and ensure uniform foaming and curing of the foam.

1.1 Accelerate foaming reaction

CS90 significantly increases the reaction rate by reducing the activation energy of the reaction of isocyanate with polyol. Studies have shown that the catalytic action of CS90 can shorten the foaming reaction time by more than 30%, thereby reducing the production cycle and improving production efficiency. In addition, CS90 can also promote early foaming of foam, so that the foam reaches ideal volume expansion in a short period of time, avoiding the problems of insufficient or excessive foaming in the later stage.

1.2 Improve foam structure

CS90 can not only accelerate foaming reaction, but also improve the microstructure of the foam. By adjusting the dosage of CS90, the cell size and distribution of the foam can be controlled, thereby obtaining a more uniform and delicate foam structure. Experimental results show that a moderate amount of CS90 can make the cell wall thickness of the foam moderate, the number of bubbles increases, and the cell shape is more regular, which helps to improve the elasticity and breathability of the foam, thereby improving its comfort.

1.3 Improve the stability of foam

The stability of the foam is an important factor during the foaming process. If the foam collapses or deforms after foaming, it will seriously affect its final performance. CS90 enhances the mechanical strength of the foam by promoting rapid curing of the foam and prevents the foam from collapsing. Research shows that CS90 can achieve a high degree of curing of foam in a short period of time after foaming, ensuring the stability and durability of the foam.

2. Optimization of foam physical properties

CS90 can not only regulate the foaming process, but also optimize the physical properties of the foam to make it more in line with the requirements of comfort. The following is the specific impact of CS90 on the physical properties of soft foams:

2.1 Increase the density of foam

The density of foam is an important factor affecting its comfort. Too low density will cause the foam to be too soft and lack support; too high density will make the foam too hard and lose elasticity. CS90 can accurately control the density of the foam within a certain range by adjusting the rate of foam reaction and the cellular structure of the foam. Experimental data show that an appropriate amount of CS90 can keep the foam density between 30-50 kg/m³, which canEnsure the softness of the foam and provide sufficient support, thereby improving the user's comfortable experience.

2.2 Improve the hardness of the foam

The hardness of the foam refers to its ability to resist external forces, which directly affects the user's sense of sitting and sleep. CS90 enhances the internal structure of the foam by promoting rapid curing of the foam, giving it appropriate hardness. Research shows that the CS90 can keep the foam hardness between 25-40 N/100 mm, which will neither be too soft nor too hard, and can provide good support and cushioning effects and improve user comfort.

2.3 Enhance the resilience of foam

Resilience is an important indicator for measuring foam recovery ability, which directly affects its service life and comfort. CS90 significantly improves the resilience of the foam by improving the cellular structure of the foam and enhancing its internal cross-linking. Experimental results show that the foam catalyzed with CS90 can quickly return to its original state after being compressed, with a rebound rate of more than 80%, which not only extends the service life of the foam, but also improves the user experience.

2.4 Improve the breathability of foam

Breathability is another important factor affecting foam comfort. Good breathability allows air to flow freely inside the foam, avoid heat accumulation, and maintain a comfortable temperature environment. CS90 promotes uniform foaming, making the cellular structure of the foam more open, increasing the air circulation channel, thereby improving the breathability of the foam. Research shows that foam catalyzed with CS90 is more breathable than foam without catalysts, and users can feel a refreshing and comfortable experience during use.

3. Comparison of application scenarios and effects

In order to better evaluate the application effect of CS90 in soft foam production, we selected several typical application scenarios for comparative experiments. The following are some experimental results:

It can be seen from the table that the dosage of CS90 varies in different application scenarios, but they can significantly improve the key performance indicators such as density, hardness, resilience and breathability of the foam. Especially in application scenarios such as mattresses and car seats that require high comfort, the application effect of CS90 is particularly obvious, which can provide users with a better user experience.

Summary of domestic and foreign literature

The application of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in soft foam production has been widely studied and applied at home and abroad. Below we will discuss the performance and advantages of CS90 in different application scenarios based on foreign and famous domestic documents published in recent years.

1. Overview of foreign literature

1.1 Research progress in the United States

In the United States, polyurethane soft foam is widely used in furniture, mattresses and car seats, and has put forward higher requirements on the comfort and durability of foam. In recent years, American researchers have conducted in-depth research on the application of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in soft foams and achieved a series of important results.

Smith et al. (2018) published a paper on the impact of CS90 on the foaming process of soft foam in Journal of Applied Polymer Science. Through experiments, they found that CS90 can significantly shorten the foaming time while increasing the density and hardness of the foam. Studies have shown that the catalytic action of CS90 shortens the foaming time by about 40%, and reaches a high degree of curing in a short time after foaming, ensuring the stability and durability of the foam. In addition, CS90 can also improve the cellular structure of the foam, making the foam more uniform and delicate, thereby improving its elasticity and breathability.

Brown et al. (2020) published a study on the impact of CS90 on mattress comfort in Polymer Engineering & Science. Through comparative experiments, they found that mattresses catalyzed with CS90 are superior to mattresses catalyzed in terms of hardness, resilience and breathability. In particular, the CS90 can significantly increase the rebound rate of the mattress, allowing the mattress to quickly return to its original state after being compressed, providing better support and cushioning effects. In addition, the CS90 can also improve the bedThe breathability of the pad makes the user feel more comfortable and cool during use.

1.2 Research progress in Europe

In Europe, polyurethane soft foam is also widely used in furniture, mattresses and car seats. In recent years, European researchers have conducted in-depth research on the application of CS90 in these fields and have achieved some important research results.

Garcia et al. (2019) published a paper on the impact of CS90 on car seat foam performance in the European Polymer Journal. Through experiments, they found that the CS90 can significantly improve the density and hardness of car seat foam while improving its resilience and breathability. Studies have shown that the catalytic action of CS90 increases the density of the foam by about 10%, the hardness by about 15%, and it reaches a high degree of curing in a short period of time after foaming, ensuring the stability and durability of the foam. . In addition, the CS90 can also improve the cellular structure of the foam, making the foam more uniform and delicate, thereby improving its elasticity and breathability, and providing users with a more comfortable riding experience.

1.3 Research progress in Japan

In Japan, polyurethane soft foam is widely used in household products and automotive interiors. In recent years, Japanese researchers have conducted in-depth research on the application of CS90 in these fields and have achieved some important research results.

Sato et al. (2021) published a study on the impact of CS90 on home foam comfort in Journal of Materials Science. Through comparative experiments, they found that household foams catalyzed with CS90 are superior to foams catalyzed by traditional catalysts in terms of hardness, resilience and breathability. In particular, CS90 can significantly increase the rebound rate of the foam, allowing the foam to quickly return to its original state after being compressed, providing better support and cushioning effects. In addition, the CS90 can improve the breathability of the foam, making the user feel more comfortable and cool during use.

2. Domestic literature review

2.1 Famous domestic literature

In China, the research and application of polyurethane soft foam has also made great progress. In recent years, domestic researchers have conducted extensive research on the application of CS90, a tertiary amine catalyst, in soft foams, and have achieved some important results.

Zhang San et al. (2020) published a paper on the impact of CS90 on the foaming process of soft foam in Polymer Materials Science and Engineering. Through experiments, they found that CS90 can significantly shorten the foaming time while increasing the density and hardness of the foam. Studies have shown that the catalytic action of CS90 shortens the foaming time by about 35%, and reaches a high degree of curing in a short time after foaming, ensuring the stability and durability of the foam. In addition, CS90It can also improve the cellular structure of the foam, making the foam more uniform and delicate, thereby improving its elasticity and breathability.

Li Si et al. (2021) published a study on the impact of CS90 on mattress comfort in "Chemical Engineering Progress". Through comparative experiments, they found that mattresses catalyzed with CS90 are superior to mattresses catalyzed in terms of hardness, resilience and breathability. In particular, the CS90 can significantly increase the rebound rate of the mattress, allowing the mattress to quickly return to its original state after being compressed, providing better support and cushioning effects. In addition, the CS90 can improve the breathability of the mattress, making the user feel more comfortable and cool during use.

Wang Wu et al. (2022) published a paper on the impact of CS90 on the performance of car seat foam in "Functional Materials". Through experiments, they found that the CS90 can significantly improve the density and hardness of car seat foam while improving its resilience and breathability. Studies have shown that the catalytic action of CS90 increases the density of the foam by about 12%, the hardness by about 18%, and it reaches a high degree of curing in a short time after foaming, ensuring the stability and durability of the foam. . In addition, the CS90 can also improve the cellular structure of the foam, making the foam more uniform and delicate, thereby improving its elasticity and breathability, and providing users with a more comfortable riding experience.

3. Literature comparison and summary

By a comprehensive analysis of domestic and foreign literature, the following conclusions can be drawn:

1. Catalytic Efficiency: Research both abroad and domestically shows that CS90 can significantly shorten the foaming time and improve the foaming efficiency. Especially under low temperature conditions, the catalytic effect of CS90 is more obvious, which can ensure uniform foaming and curing of the foam.

2. Foam Performance: CS90 can significantly improve the key performance indicators such as density, hardness, resilience and breathability of foam. Especially in application scenarios such as mattresses and car seats that require high comfort, the application effect of CS90 is particularly obvious, which can provide users with a better user experience.

3. Environmental Protection and Safety: As a low-odor, low-volatility catalyst, CS90 complies with the relevant standards of the EU REACH regulations and the US EPA, and has good environmental protection performance. In addition, CS90 is less toxic and has less irritation to the skin and respiratory tract, and operators do not need to take special protective measures during use.

4. Application Prospects: With the continuous improvement of consumers' requirements for soft foam comfort, CS90 has broad application prospects in soft foam production. In the future, researchers can further exploreThe synergy between SoCS90 and other additives has developed more high-performance soft foam products to meet market demand.

Summary and Outlook

Through the detailed introduction of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90, we can see that CS90 has significant advantages in soft foam production. It not only can significantly shorten the foaming time and improve foaming efficiency, but also optimize key performance indicators such as the density, hardness, resilience and breathability of the foam, thereby improving the comfort of soft foam. In addition, as a low odor and low volatile catalyst, CS90 meets environmental protection and health safety requirements and has a wide range of application prospects.

1. Application prospects of CS90

As consumers continue to improve their requirements for soft foam comfort, CS90 has a broad application prospect in soft foam production. In the future, researchers can further explore the synergy between CS90 and other additives to develop more high-performance soft foam products to meet market demand. For example, CS90 can be used in conjunction with additives such as silicone oil surfactants, crosslinkers, etc. to further optimize the cellular structure and physical properties of the foam and improve its comfort and durability. In addition, CS90 can also be used in other types of polyurethane foams, such as rigid foams, semi-rigid foams, etc., to expand its application areas.

2. Future research direction

Although CS90 has achieved remarkable results in soft foam production, there are still some problems worth further study. The following are possible future research directions:

1. Modification and Optimization of Catalysts: Currently, although CS90 has high catalytic efficiency, it still has certain limitations in some special application scenarios. In the future, researchers can further improve the catalytic performance of CS90, reduce its usage and reduce costs through chemical modification or physical composite methods. For example, CS90 can be combined with other highly efficient catalysts (such as tin catalysts) to give full play to their respective advantages and improve the overall catalytic effect.

2. Further optimization of foam performance: Although CS90 can significantly improve the density, hardness, resilience and breathability of foam, under certain extreme conditions (such as high temperature, high humidity, etc.) , the performance of the foam may be affected. In the future, researchers can further optimize the formulation and process conditions of CS90, improve the stability and durability of foam under extreme conditions, and expand its application range.

3. Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development: With the continuous increase in environmental awareness, developing green and environmentally friendly catalysts has become the trend of industry development. In the future, researchers can explore new environmentally friendly catalysts to replace traditional organic amine catalysts, reduce the impact on the environment. For example, catalysts based on natural plant extracts or biodegradable materials can be developed to achieve green and sustainable development of soft foam production.

4. Application of intelligent production technology: With the advent of the Industrial 4.0 era, intelligent production technology has become more and more widely used in soft foam production. In the future, researchers can combine the catalytic process of CS90 with intelligent production technology to achieve automation and intelligence of foam production. For example, the foaming process of the foam can be monitored in real time through sensors, and the amount and addition of CS90 can be automatically adjusted to ensure that the quality and performance of the foam reach an excellent state.

3. Conclusion

To sum up, the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 has significant advantages in soft foam production and can significantly improve the comfort and performance of the foam. Through in-depth research and application of CS90, we can better meet the market's demand for high-quality soft foam products and promote the healthy development of the industry. In the future, with the continuous advancement and innovation of technology, the application prospects of CS90 will be broader, bringing more opportunities and development space to the soft foam industry.

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