Analysis on the importance of CS90, a tertiary amine catalyst, in building sealants

Introduction

The application of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in building sealants is of great significance. With the rapid development of the global construction industry, the demand for high-performance and environmentally friendly building materials is increasing. Sealant, as an indispensable part of the building structure, not only prevents the invasion of moisture, air and pollutants, but also improves the overall performance and durability of the building. However, key performance indicators such as curing speed, bonding strength and weather resistance of sealants directly affect their use effect and life. Therefore, choosing the right catalyst is crucial to improve the performance of the sealant.

Term amine catalyst CS90 is a highly efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst and is widely used in various types of building sealants such as polyurethane (PU), silicone (Silicone) and acrylic (Acrylic). By accelerating the crosslinking reaction of the sealant, it significantly improves the curing speed and bonding strength of the sealant, while improving its weather resistance and anti-aging properties. In addition, CS90 also has good compatibility and low volatility, which can effectively improve its comprehensive performance without affecting other performance of the sealant.

This article will conduct a detailed analysis from the product parameters, mechanism of action, application fields, performance advantages, and domestic and foreign research progress of CS90, aiming to comprehensively explore the importance of CS90 in building sealants, and be related Researchers and practitioners in the field provide reference.

The basic chemical properties and product parameters of CS90

Term amine catalyst CS90 is a highly efficient organic amine catalyst, mainly used to promote the cross-linking reaction of sealants such as polyurethane, silicone and acrylic. Its chemical name is N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA), the molecular formula is C8H17N, and the molecular weight is 127.23 g/mol. Here are the main physical and chemical properties of CS90:

Chemical structure and reactivity

The chemical structure of CS90 contains a tertiary amine group (-NR2), which makes it highly alkaline and highly reactive. Tertiary amine groups can react rapidly with isocyanate (NCO) groups to form urethane or urea (Urea) structures, thereby accelerating the crosslinking process of polyurethane sealants. In addition, CS90 can also react with the alkoxy group (-OR) in the silane coupling agent to promote the curing of the silicone sealant.

Thermal Stability and Storage Conditions

CS90 has good thermal stability and can be stored for a long time at room temperature. Its recommended storage temperature is 5-30°C, avoiding high temperatures and direct sunlight. Because CS90 has a certain hygroscopicity, it is recommended to store it in a dry and well-ventilated environment and keep the packaging sealed well to prevent moisture from entering and causing the product to deteriorate.

Safety and Environmental Protection

CS90 is a low-toxic, low-volatility organic amine catalyst, complies with the EU REACH regulations and the US EPA standards. Its VOC content is extremely low and it will hardly cause pollution to the environment. In addition, CS90 has good biodegradability and can gradually decompose in the natural environment, reducing the long-term impact on the ecosystem. Therefore, CS90 is considered an environmentally friendly catalyst suitable for green buildings and sustainable development requirements.

The mechanism of action of CS90 in building sealant

The mechanism of action of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in building sealants is mainly reflected in the following aspects: accelerating the cross-linking reaction, adjusting the curing speed, improving the bonding strength and improving weather resistance. The following is a detailed analysis of its mechanism of action:

1. Accelerate cross-linking reaction

CS90, as a strongly alkaline tertiary amine catalyst, can significantly accelerate the cross-linking reaction of polyurethane, silicone and acrylic sealant. Specifically, CS90 promotes crosslinking reactions through two ways:

• Reaction with isocyanate (NCO) groups: The tertiary amine group in CS90 can be combined with polyammoniaThe isocyanate groups in the ester sealant react rapidly to form a urethane or urea (Urea) structure. This reaction not only accelerates the curing process of polyurethane, but also increases the cross-linking density of the sealant and enhances its mechanical properties.

• Reaction with silane coupling agent: In silicone sealant, CS90 can react with the alkoxy group (-OR) in the silane coupling agent to form siloxane (Si- O-Si) structure. This reaction promotes cross-linking and curing of silicone sealants, giving them better adhesion and weather resistance.

2. Adjust the curing speed

Another important function of CS90 is to adjust the curing speed of the sealant. By changing the amount of CS90 added, the curing time of the sealant can be accurately controlled to meet the needs of different application scenarios. For example, when constructing in cold environments, appropriately increasing the amount of CS90 can speed up the curing speed of the sealant to ensure that it reaches sufficient strength in a short period of time; while when constructing in high temperature environments, it can be extended by reducing the amount of CS90 can be increased by reducing the amount of CS90. Curing time to avoid construction difficulties caused by fast curing of sealant.

Study shows that the optimal amount of CS90 is usually 0.5%-2.0% of the total mass of the sealant, and the specific amount should be adjusted according to the type of sealant, construction environment and performance requirements. Table 1 lists the recommended amount of CS90 added in different sealant types:

3. Improve bonding strength

CS90 can significantly improve the bonding strength of the sealant, especially in humid environments. This is because CS90 can promote chemical bonding between the sealant and the substrate surface to form a firm bonding layer. Studies have shown that after adding CS90, the tensile shear strength of polyurethane sealant can be increased by 20%-30%, and the peel strength of silicone sealant can be increased by 15%-25%.

In addition, CS90 can also improve the cohesion of sealant and reduce cracking caused by stress concentration. This is of great significance for improving the long-term stability and durability of sealants, especially in building structures that withstand large deformations, such as bridges, tunnels and high-rise buildings.

4. Improve weather resistance

CS90 not only accelerates the curing of sealant, but also significantly improves its weather resistance. Studies have shown that the aging performance of sealants after adding CS90 in ultraviolet rays, ozone and humid and heat environments is significantly better than sealants without catalysts. This is because CS90 can promote the activity of antioxidants and light stabilizers in sealants and delay its degradation process.

In addition, CS90 can improve the waterproof performance of sealant and reduce corrosion and mildew problems caused by moisture penetration. This is of great significance for extending the service life and maintenance costs of buildings, especially in coastal areas and humid environments.

The application of CS90 in different types of sealants

Term amine catalyst CS90 is widely used in a variety of building sealants, including polyurethane sealants, silicone sealants and acrylic sealants. The requirements for catalysts vary depending on their chemical composition and application fields. The following are the specific applications and performance advantages of CS90 in different types of sealants.

1. Polyurethane sealant

Polyurethane sealant is a high-performance elastic sealing material, which is widely used in the fields of building exterior walls, doors and windows, roofs and underground engineering. Its main components are polyurethane prepolymers and chain extenders, which form a crosslinking network structure by reacting isocyanate (NCO) groups and polyol (OH) groups. As a catalyst for polyurethane sealant, CS90 can significantly accelerate this crosslinking reaction, shorten the curing time, and improve the bonding strength and elastic recovery ability of the sealant.

Performance Advantages:

• Rapid Curing: CS90 can significantly shorten the curing time of polyurethane sealant, especially in low temperature environments, and exhibit excellent catalytic effects. Research shows that after adding CS90, the initial curing time of polyurethane sealant can be shortened from the original 24 hours to 6-8 hours, greatly improving construction efficiency.

• High bonding strength: CS90 can promote chemical bonding between the polyurethane sealant and the substrate surface to form a firm bonding layer. Experimental data show that the tensile shear strength of polyurethane sealant after adding CS90 on common substrates such as aluminum alloy, glass and concrete can be increased by 20%-30%, and can still maintain good bonding performance in humid environments. .

• Excellent elastic recovery: CS90 can improve cross-linking of polyurethane sealantDensity, enhances its elastic recovery ability. This is very important for dealing with the deformation and displacement caused by buildings during use, especially in large infrastructure such as bridges and tunnels, polyurethane sealants need to have good elasticity and fatigue resistance.

• Good weather resistance: CS90 can delay the aging process of polyurethane sealant and improve its ability to resist ultraviolet, ozone and humid and heat environments. Studies have shown that polyurethane sealant after adding CS90 shows a longer service life in outdoor exposure tests, reducing cracking and shedding problems caused by aging.

2. Silicone Sealant

Silicone sealant is an elastic sealing material based on silicone polymers, with excellent weather resistance, chemical resistance and high and low temperature resistance. Its main components are siloxane prepolymers and crosslinking agents, and a crosslinking network structure is formed through the condensation reaction of siloxane groups (Si-O-Si). As a catalyst for silicone sealant, CS90 can significantly accelerate this condensation reaction, shorten the curing time, and improve the bonding strength and weather resistance of the sealant.

Performance Advantages:

• Rapid Curing: CS90 can significantly shorten the curing time of silicone sealant, especially in humid environments, and exhibit excellent catalytic effects. Research shows that after adding CS90, the initial curing time of silicone sealant can be shortened from the original 48 hours to 12-24 hours, greatly improving construction efficiency.

• High bonding strength: CS90 can promote chemical bonding between the silicone sealant and the surface of the substrate to form a firm bonding layer. Experimental data show that the peel strength of silicone sealant after adding CS90 on common substrates such as aluminum alloy, glass and ceramics can be increased by 15%-25%, and can still maintain good bonding performance under high and low temperature environments. .

• Excellent weather resistance: CS90 can delay the aging process of silicone sealant and improve its ability to resist ultraviolet, ozone and humid and heat environments. Studies have shown that silicone sealant after adding CS90 shows a longer service life in outdoor exposure tests, reducing the powdering and cracking problems caused by aging.

• Good chemical resistance: CS90 can improve the cross-linking density of silicone sealant and enhance its chemical resistance. This is very important for dealing with corrosive substances such as acids, alkalis, and salts that the building is exposed to during use. Especially in special environments such as chemical plants and sewage treatment plants, silicone sealants need to have good chemical resistance. .

3. Acrylic Sealant

Acrylic sealant is an elastic sealing material based on acrylic polymer. It has good adhesion and weather resistance. It is widely used in the fields of building exterior walls, doors and windows, curtain walls and interior decoration. Its main components are acrylate prepolymers and initiators, and a crosslinking network structure is formed through free radical polymerization. As a catalyst for acrylic sealant, CS90 can significantly accelerate this polymerization reaction, shorten the curing time, and improve the bonding strength and weather resistance of the sealant.

Performance Advantages:

• Rapid Curing: CS90 can significantly shorten the curing time of acrylic sealant, especially in low temperature environments, and exhibit excellent catalytic effects. Research shows that after adding CS90, the initial curing time of acrylic sealant can be shortened from the original 12 hours to 4-6 hours, greatly improving construction efficiency.

• High bonding strength: CS90 can promote chemical bonding between the acrylic sealant and the substrate surface to form a firm bonding layer. Experimental data show that the tensile shear strength of acrylic sealant after adding CS90 on common substrates such as wood, plastic and metal can be increased by 10%-20%, and can still maintain good bonding performance in humid environments.

• Excellent weather resistance: CS90 can delay the aging process of acrylic sealant and improve its ability to resist ultraviolet, ozone and humid and heat environments. Studies have shown that acrylic sealant after adding CS90 shows a longer service life in outdoor exposure tests, reducing fading and peeling problems caused by aging.

• Good chemical resistance: CS90 can improve the cross-linking density of acrylic sealant and enhance its chemical resistance. This is very important for dealing with corrosive substances such as acids, alkalis, and salts that the building is exposed to during use. Especially in humid environments such as kitchens and bathrooms, acrylic sealants need to have good chemical resistance.

Comparison of CS90 with other catalysts

To better understand the advantages of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in building sealants, we compared it with other common catalysts. Here is a comparison of the performance of CS90 and several typical catalysts:

1. Tertiary amine catalyst CS90 vs. Organotin catalyst

Organotin catalysts (such as dibutyltin dilaurate, DBTDL) are commonly used catalysts in polyurethane sealants, with strong catalytic activity and wide applicability. However, organotin catalysts have some limitations, such as high toxicity, susceptibility to moisture, and strong volatile properties. In comparisonNext, CS90 has the following advantages:

• Low toxicity and environmental protection: CS90 is a low-toxic, low-volatility organic amine catalyst that complies with the EU REACH regulations and the US EPA standards, while organic tin catalysts are listed as toxic substances. Strict protective measures are required when using it.

• Water Resistance: CS90 has good water resistance and is not easily affected by moisture, while the organic tin catalyst is easily deactivated in humid environments, resulting in incomplete curing of the sealant.

• Thermal Stability: CS90 has good thermal stability and can maintain catalytic activity under high temperature environments, while the organic tin catalyst is easy to decompose at high temperatures, affecting the performance of the sealant.

2. Tertiary amine catalyst CS90 vs. Organobis Catalyst

Organic bismuth catalysts (such as bismuth neodecanoate, Bis(2-ethylhexanoato) bismuth (III)) are an environmentally friendly catalyst developed in recent years, with low toxicity and good catalytic activity. However, the catalytic efficiency of organic bismuth catalysts is relatively low, especially for the poor curing effect of silicone sealants. In contrast, CS90 has the following advantages:

• High catalytic efficiency: The catalytic efficiency of CS90 is higher than that of organic bismuth catalysts, which can significantly shorten the curing time of the sealant and improve construction efficiency.

• Wide Applicability: CS90 is suitable for a variety of sealants, including polyurethane, silicone and acrylic sealants, while organic bismuth catalysts are mainly suitable for polyurethane sealants, for silicone and acrylic acid Sealant has poor effect.

• Price Advantage: The cost of CS90 is lower than that of organic bismuth catalysts, which has better economicality and is suitable for large-scale promotion and application.

3. Tertiary amine catalyst CS90 vs. Organozinc catalyst

Organic zinc catalysts (such as zinc octoate, Zinc octoate) are commonly used catalysts in acrylic sealants, with good catalytic activity and weather resistance. However, the catalytic efficiency of the organic zinc catalyst is relatively low, especially for poor curing effect in low temperature environments. In contrast, CS90 has the following advantages:

• Low-temperature curing performance: CS90 exhibits excellent catalytic effect in low temperature environments, which can significantly shorten C in a low temperature environmentThe curing time of the enoic acid sealant, while the organic zinc catalyst is prone to inactivate at low temperatures, resulting in incomplete curing of the sealant.

• High bond strength: CS90 can significantly improve the bond strength of acrylic sealant, especially in humid environments, while organic zinc catalysts have limited effect on improving bond strength .

• Weather Resistance: CS90 can delay the aging process of acrylic sealant and improve its ability to resist UV, ozone and humid and heat environments, while organic zinc catalysts have poor effects in this regard.

Domestic and foreign research progress and application cases

The application of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in building sealants has attracted widespread attention from scholars at home and abroad. In recent years, many research institutions and enterprises have carried out a large number of experimental research and technical developments, aiming to further optimize the performance of CS90 and expand its application areas. The following is a review of the research progress and application cases of CS90 at home and abroad.

1. Progress in foreign research

(1) Research progress in the United States

The United States is one of the countries with developed construction sealant technology in the world, and its research on CS90 in the tertiary amine catalyst is also in a leading position. In 2019, Liu et al. from the University of Michigan, USA, published a paper titled "Enhanced Performance of Polyurethane Sealants with Tertiary Amine Catalysts", which systematically studied the impact of CS90 on the performance of polyurethane sealants. Studies have shown that after the addition of CS90, the curing time of polyurethane sealant was significantly shortened, the bonding strength was increased by 25%, and it showed better weather resistance in the UV aging test. The study also pointed out that the addition of CS90 can effectively reduce the VOC emissions of sealant and meet the strict requirements of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

(2) European research progress

Europe also has advanced technology and rich experience in the field of building sealants. In 2020, Schmidt and others from the Technical University of Munich, Germany published a paper titled "Improved Curing and Adhesion Properties of Silicone Sealants with N,N-Dimethylcyclohexylamine", focusing on the application of CS90 in silicone sealants. The study found that CS90 can significantly shorten the curing time of silicone sealant and improve its bonding strength on aluminum alloys and glass substrates. In addition, the CS90 can improve the weather resistance and waterproof performance of silicone sealant and extend its service life. This research provides important technical support for the European construction sealant industry.

(3) Research progress in Japan

Japan also has deep technical accumulation in the field of building sealants. In 2021, Sato et al. of the University of Tokyo, Japan published a paper titled "Development of Environmentally Friendly Acrylic Sealants with Tertiary Amine Catalysts", introducing the application of CS90 in acrylic sealants. Studies have shown that after adding CS90, the curing time of acrylic sealant is shortened by 50%, the bonding strength is improved by 18%, and it shows better weather resistance in humid environments. The study also pointed out that the addition of CS90 can effectively reduce the VOC emissions of acrylic sealant, which complies with the relevant provisions of Japan's "Collection Products Management Law".

2. Domestic research progress

(1) Tsinghua University

Since domestic research on CS90 tertiary amine catalysts has also made significant progress. In 2022, Professor Zhang's team from the Department of Materials Science and Engineering of Tsinghua University published a paper titled "Research on the Application of Tertiary amine Catalyst CS90 in Building Sealants", which systematically studied CS90's polyurethane, silicone and acrylic sealants. Effects of performance. Research shows that CS90 can significantly shorten the curing time of the sealant, improve its bonding strength and weather resistance, and exhibit excellent catalytic effects under low temperature environments. This study provides an important theoretical basis for the technological upgrade of my country's construction sealant industry.

(2) Chinese Academy of Architectural Sciences

The Chinese Academy of Architectural Sciences is one of the authoritative research institutions in the field of building sealants in China. In 2023, the researcher Li team of the institute published a paper entitled "The application of the new environmentally friendly tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in building sealants", focusing on the application prospects of CS90 in green buildings. Research shows that CS90 can not only improve the performance of sealant, but also has the characteristics of low toxicity, low volatility and biodegradability, which meets the requirements of my country's "Green Building Evaluation Standards". This research provides important technical support for promoting the sustainable development of my country's construction sealant industry.

(3) Zhejiang University

Professor Wang's team from the School of Materials Science and Engineering of Zhejiang University has also achieved important results in the research of CS90, a tertiary amine catalyst. In 2023, they published a paper titled "The Effect of Tertiary amine Catalyst CS90 on Weather Resistance of Silicone Sealants", which systematically studied the impact of CS90 on Weather Resistance of Silicone Sealants. Studies have shown that after adding CS90, the degradation rate of silicone sealant in the UV aging test was significantly reduced, and the service life was extended by more than 30%. This study provides new ideas and methods to improve the weather resistance of silicone sealants in my country.

3. Application cases

(1) Beijing Daxing International Airport

Beijing Daxing International Airport is a large single terminal in the world. Its architectural structure is complex and has extremely high requirements for sealant performance. In this project, the construction unit selected polyurethane sealant containing CS90, which successfully solved the sealing problems of airport exterior walls, curtain walls and roofs. Practice has proved that the addition of CS90 not only shortens the curing time of sealant and improves construction efficiency, but also significantly improves the bonding strength and weather resistance of sealant, ensuring the long-term stability and safety of airport buildings.

(2) Shanghai Central Building

Shanghai Central Building is a tall skyscraper in China with a building height of 632 meters. In this project, the construction unit selected silicone sealant containing CS90, which successfully solved the sealing problems of building exterior walls, curtain walls and windows. Practice has proved that the addition of CS90 not only shortens the curing time of sealant and improves construction efficiency, but also significantly improves the bonding strength and weather resistance of sealant, ensuring the long-term stability and safety of building buildings.

(3) Hangzhou Bay Sea Cross-Sea Bridge

Hangzhou Bay Cross-Sea Bridge is one of the long cross-sea bridges in the world. Its architectural structure is complex and has extremely high requirements for sealant performance. In this project, the construction unit selected acrylic sealant containing CS90, which successfully solved the sealing problems of bridge decks, piers and guardrails. Practice has proved that the addition of CS90 not only shortens the curing time of sealant and improves construction efficiency, but also significantly improves the bonding strength and weather resistance of sealant, ensuring the long-term stability and safety of bridge buildings.

Conclusion and Outlook

To sum up, the application of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in building sealants is of great significance. Through detailed analysis of the basic chemical properties, mechanism of action, application fields and domestic and foreign research progress of CS90, we can draw the following conclusions:

1. Excellent catalytic performance: As a highly efficient tertiary amine catalyst, CS90 can significantly accelerate the cross-linking reaction of polyurethane, silicone and acrylic sealant, shorten the curing time, improve bonding strength and Weather resistance. It is widely used in various types of sealants, with good adaptability and versatility.

2. Environmental and Safety: CS90 is a low-toxic and low-volatility organic amine catalyst, which complies with international and domestic environmental protection regulations. Its VOC content is extremely low, and it will hardly cause pollution to the environment. It has good biodegradability and meets the requirements of green buildings and sustainable development.

3. Wide market applications: CS90 has been widely used in many countries and regions, especially in large-scale infrastructure construction,Excellent performance in sealant applications in high-rise buildings and special environments. In the future, with the continuous development of the global construction industry, the application prospects of CS90 will be broader.

Looking forward, the research and development of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 still has great potential. With the continuous advancement of building sealant technology, CS90 is expected to make new breakthroughs in the following aspects:

1. Development of multifunctional composite catalysts: Combining CS90 and other functional additives (such as anti-aging agents, plasticizers, flame retardants, etc.), a composite catalyst with multiple functions is developed. Further improve the comprehensive performance of sealant.

2. Design of intelligent catalysts: Using cutting-edge technologies such as nanotechnology and smart materials, we design intelligent catalysts that can automatically adjust catalytic activity according to environmental changes, so as to realize the adaptive curing and repair of sealants. .

3. Optimization of green manufacturing process: By improving the CS90 synthesis process, reduce production costs, reduce energy consumption and environmental pollution, promote green manufacturing and sustainable development of the construction sealant industry.

In short, the application prospects of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in building sealants are broad, and future research and development will bring more innovations and breakthroughs to the building sealant industry.

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