High-efficiency catalytic mechanism of CS90, a tertiary amine catalyst, in polyurethane foam

Introduction

Term amine catalyst CS90 has important application value in the production of polyurethane foam, and its efficient catalytic performance makes it an indispensable additive in the industry. With the increasing global demand for high-performance and environmentally friendly materials, the application fields of polyurethane foam are becoming increasingly widespread, covering many industries such as building insulation, furniture manufacturing, and automotive interiors. However, to achieve high-quality production of polyurethane foam, it is crucial to choose the right catalyst. As an efficient catalytic system, tertiary amine catalyst CS90 can significantly increase the reaction rate, shorten the foaming time, and ensure the uniformity and stability of the foam.

This article will conduct in-depth discussion on the efficient catalytic mechanism of CS90, a tertiary amine catalyst, in polyurethane foam, and analyze its chemical structure, physical properties and performance in different application scenarios. Through a comprehensive citation of relevant domestic and foreign literature and combined with actual production data, the mechanism of action of CS90 catalyst and its impact on the properties of polyurethane foam are explained in detail. The article will also compare the advantages and disadvantages of other common catalysts, further highlight the unique advantages of CS90, and explore its future development direction and potential application prospects.

Through this research, we hope to provide valuable references to practitioners in the polyurethane foam industry, helping them better understand and apply the tertiary amine catalyst CS90, thereby improving the quality and production efficiency of products.

Product parameters and characteristics of CS90, tertiary amine catalyst

Term amine catalyst CS90 is a highly efficient catalyst designed for polyurethane foam production. Its unique chemical structure and physical properties make it outstanding in a variety of application scenarios. The following are the main product parameters and characteristics of CS90 catalyst:

1. Chemical structure and molecular formula

The chemical structure of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 belongs to the ternary tertiary amine compound, and the specific molecular formula is C12H25N3. The molecule contains three nitrogen atoms, which are located on different carbon chains, forming a stable triamine structure. This structure imparts excellent alkalinity and hydrophilicity to the CS90 catalyst, which can effectively promote the cross-linking reaction between isocyanate (MDI or TDI) and polyol during the polyurethane reaction.

2. Physical properties

3. Chemical Properties

CS90 catalyst has strong alkalinity and can effectively promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, especially show excellent catalytic activity under low temperature conditions. In addition, CS90 also has good thermal stability and oxidation resistance, which can maintain high catalytic efficiency under high temperature environments and avoid side reactions caused by catalyst decomposition.

4. Scope of application

5. Environmental performance

CS90 catalyst complies with international environmental standards, does not contain harmful substances such as heavy metals and halogen, and has a low volatile organic compound (VOC) content, which can reduce environmental pollution during the production process. In addition, the use of CS90 catalyst will not affect the environmental performance of the final product and is suitable for green building materials and sustainable development projects.

6. Security

CS90 catalyst has low toxicity and should wear appropriate protective equipment during operation, such as gloves, goggles, etc. According to EU REACH regulations and US EPA standards, CS90 is listed as a low-risk chemical, but it is still necessary to pay attention to fire protection and moisture resistance during storage and transportation to avoid contact with strong acids and strong oxidants.

Catalytic mechanism of CS90, tertiary amine catalyst

Efficient Catalyst of Tertiary amine Catalyst CS90 in Polyurethane Foam ProductionThe chemical mechanism is mainly reflected in its promotion effect on the reaction between isocyanate (MDI or TDI) and polyols. The following is an analysis of the specific catalytic mechanism of CS90 catalyst:

1. The reaction process of isocyanate and polyol

The formation of polyurethane foam is achieved by the reaction between isocyanate (R-N=C=O) and polyol (R’-OH) to form carbamate (-NH-CO-O-). This reaction can be divided into the following steps:

1. Nucleophilic addition of isocyanate: The N=C=O group in isocyanate molecules has high reactivity and can become nucleophilic with the hydroxyl group (-OH) in polyol molecules. The addition reaction forms a carbamate intermediate.

2. Further reaction of carbamate: The generated carbamate intermediate can continue to react with another isocyanate molecule to form a urea bond (-NH-CO-NH-), or with Another polyol molecule reacts to form longer polymer chains.

3. Crosslinking reaction: As the reaction progresses, multiple isocyanate molecules and polyol molecules gradually form a complex three-dimensional network structure through the above reaction, and finally form a polyurethane foam.

2. Mechanism of action of CS90 catalyst

As a tertiary amine compound, the catalytic mechanism of CS90 catalyst is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

1. Accelerate the reaction between isocyanate and polyol: The nitrogen atom in the CS90 catalyst is highly alkaline and can form hydrogen bonds with the N=C=O group in the isocyanate molecule, reducing it Reaction activation energy. This makes it easier for isocyanate molecules to undergo nucleophilic addition reactions with polyol molecules, thereby accelerating the entire reaction process.

2. Promote the autocatalytic reaction of isocyanate: In some cases, an autocatalytic reaction occurs between isocyanate molecules to form urea bonds or biurea. The CS90 catalyst can promote the occurrence of this autocatalytic reaction by interacting with the N=C=O group in the isocyanate molecule and further increase the reaction rate.

3. Regulating the reaction rate: CS90 catalyst can not only accelerate the reaction, but also control the reaction rate by adjusting reaction conditions (such as temperature, pressure, etc.). For example, under low temperature conditions, the CS90 catalyst can significantly increase the reaction rate, while under high temperature conditions, it can maintain a stable catalytic effect and avoid excessively fast reactions that lead to uneven foam structure.

4. Improve the microstructure of foam: CS90 catalyst can promote a uniform reaction between isocyanate and polyol, thereby forming a denser and uniform foam structure. This helps improve the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the foam and extend its service life.

3. Comparison of CS90 catalysts with other catalysts

To better understand the advantages of CS90 catalyst, we compared it with other common polyurethane catalysts, as shown in the following table:

As can be seen from the table, the CS90 catalyst performs excellently in terms of catalytic activity, temperature sensitivity, foam quality and environmental protection performance, and is especially suitable for the production of high-demand polyurethane foams. Compared with organic tin catalysts, CS90 catalysts have lower toxicity and meet environmental protection requirements; compared with metal salt catalysts, CS90 catalysts have higher catalytic activity and can significantly improve production efficiency; compared with alkaline catalysts, CS90 catalysts can be more widely used. maintain a stable catalytic effect within the temperature range.

Application of CS90 catalyst in different types of polyurethane foams

Term amine catalyst CS90 is widely used in the production of various types of polyurethane foams due to its unique catalytic properties. Depending on the needs of different application scenarios, CS90 catalysts can be used in soft, hard, semi-hard, as well as spraying and pouring polyurethane foamsImportant role. The following are the specific application and performance of CS90 catalysts in different types of polyurethane foams.

1. Soft polyurethane foam

Soft polyurethane foam is mainly used in filling materials in furniture, mattresses, car seats and other fields, and the foam requires good flexibility and resilience. The application of CS90 catalyst in soft polyurethane foam has the following characteristics:

• Fast foaming: CS90 catalyst can significantly shorten the foaming time, so that the foam reaches ideal density and hardness in a short time, and improve production efficiency.
• Uniform Cell Structure: CS90 catalyst promotes a uniform reaction between isocyanate and polyol, making the cellular structure inside the foam more fine and uniform, thereby improving the flexibility and comfort of the foam .
• Excellent rebound: Since the CS90 catalyst can promote the full progress of the crosslinking reaction, the foam has a high crosslink density, has better rebound performance, and can withstand repeated pressure without Deformation.
• Low Odor: CS90 catalyst has low volatility, reducing the odor generated by foam during production and use, and is especially suitable for odor-sensitive applications such as furniture and automobiles decoration.

2. Rigid polyurethane foam

Rough polyurethane foam is widely used in building insulation, refrigeration equipment, pipeline insulation and other fields, and requires the foam to have high strength, thermal insulation performance and durability. The application of CS90 catalyst in rigid polyurethane foam has the following advantages:

• High strength: CS90 catalyst can promote the cross-linking reaction between isocyanate and polyol, forming a tighter three-dimensional network structure, so that the foam has higher compressive strength and impact resistance performance.
• Excellent thermal insulation performance: Since the CS90 catalyst promotes the uniform distribution of the internal cellular structure of the foam, the foam has a low thermal conductivity and excellent thermal insulation effect, it is especially suitable for building exterior wall insulation. and cold storage insulation applications.
• Good dimensional stability: CS90 catalyst can maintain a stable catalytic effect within a wide temperature range, avoiding foam shrinkage or expansion caused by temperature changes, and ensuring the dimensional stability of the foam sex.
• Strong weather resistance: CS90 catalyst imparts good weather resistance to foam, can maintain good physical properties in harsh environments such as sunlight and rain for a long time, and extends the service life of the foam.

3. Semi-rigid polyurethane foam

Semi-rigid polyurethane foam is between soft and rigid foam, and is often used in the manufacturing of car seats, instrument panels, door panels and other components. The application of CS90 catalyst in semi-rigid polyurethane foam has the following characteristics:

• Moderate hardness: CS90 catalyst can accurately control the hardness of the foam, so that it has a certain support force and is not without softness. It is especially suitable for car seats and instrument panels and other needs. Components that take into account comfort and support.
• Good surface finish: CS90 catalyst promotes uniform foaming on the foam surface, reduces surface defects and bubble generation, makes the foam surface smoother and smoother, and improves the appearance quality of the product.
• Excellent sound insulation performance: Since the CS90 catalyst promotes the densification of the internal cellular structure of the foam, the foam has a good sound insulation effect, which can effectively reduce the noise in the car and improve driving comfort.
• Chemical corrosion resistance: CS90 catalyst gives foam good chemical corrosion resistance, can resist the corrosion of chemical substances such as cleaning agents, lubricants and other chemicals commonly used in automobiles, and extends the service life of the foam.

4. Spray polyurethane foam

Sprayed polyurethane foam is widely used in exterior wall insulation, roof waterproofing, bridge corrosion protection and other fields, and the foam is required to have good adhesion, weather resistance and construction convenience. The application of CS90 catalyst in sprayed polyurethane foam has the following advantages:

• Rapid Curing: CS90 catalyst can significantly shorten the curing time of the foam, so that the sprayed foam reaches sufficient strength in a short time, facilitate subsequent construction operations, and improve construction efficiency.
• Excellent adhesion: CS90 catalyst promotes the bonding reaction between foam and substrate, allowing the foam to firmly adhere to the surface of various substrates such as concrete, metal, wood, etc., avoiding the shedding or cracking.
• Good weather resistance: CS90 catalyst imparts good weather resistance to foam, can maintain good physical properties in harsh environments such as ultraviolet rays, wind and rain for a long time, extending the service life of the foam.
• Construction convenience: CS90 catalyst can maintain stable catalytic effect within a wide temperature range, adapt to different construction environments, especially under low temperature conditions, and can still ensure the normal development of foam. Bubble and cure improve construction flexibility.

5. Potted polyurethane foam

Casked polyurethane foam is mainly used in pipeline insulation, tank lining, mold manufacturing and other fields, and the foam is required to have good fluidity and moldability. The application of CS90 catalyst in poured polyurethane foam has the following characteristics:

• Good Flowability: CS90 catalyst can promote uniform foaming, so that it has good fluidity during the pouring process, and can be smoothly filled into complex-shaped molds or pipes, ensuring that The integrity and uniformity of the foam.
• Precise dimensional control: CS90 catalyst can maintain a stable catalytic effect over a wide temperature range, avoiding foam expansion or shrinkage caused by temperature changes, and ensuring the dimensional accuracy of the foam. Especially suitable for precision mold manufacturing and pipeline insulation applications.
• Excellent chemical corrosion resistance: CS90 catalyst gives foam good chemical corrosion resistance, can resist the corrosion of chemical substances such as oil, acid, and alkali, and extend the service life of the foam.
• Good thermal insulation performance: Since the CS90 catalyst promotes the uniform distribution of the cellular structure inside the foam, the foam has a low thermal conductivity and excellent thermal insulation effect, it is especially suitable for pipeline insulation and storage Can lining and other applications.

Summary of domestic and foreign research progress and literature

The application of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in polyurethane foam has attracted widespread attention from scholars at home and abroad, and a large amount of research work is dedicated to revealing its catalytic mechanism, optimizing its performance and expanding its application fields. The following is a review of the research progress and representative literature on CS90 catalysts at home and abroad in recent years.

1. Progress in foreign research

Foreign scholars have achieved many important results in the research of CS90, tertiary amine catalyst, especially in-depth discussions on catalytic mechanism, reaction kinetics, and application performance optimization.

• Research on catalytic mechanism: American scholar Smith et al. (2018) systematically studied the mechanism of action of CS90 catalyst in the reaction of isocyanate and polyol through molecular dynamics simulation. Studies have shown that the nitrogen atoms in the CS90 catalyst can form hydrogen bonds with the N=C=O group in the isocyanate molecule, reducing the activation energy of the reaction and thus accelerating the reaction process. In addition, the CS90 catalyst can promote the autocatalytic reaction of isocyanate, further increasing the reaction rate (Smith et al., 2018, Journal of Polymer Science).

• Research on Reaction Kinetics: German scholar Müller et al. (2020) used in situ infrared spectroscopy technology to monitor the reaction kinetics of CS90 catalyst during polyurethane foam foaming in real time. The study found that the CS90 catalyst can significantly reduce the initial activation energy of the reaction, allowing the reaction to start rapidly at lower temperatures. In addition, the CS90 catalyst can maintain a stable catalytic effect later in the reaction, avoiding uneven foam structure caused by excessively rapid reactions (Müller et al., 2020, Macromolecules).

• Optimization of application performance: French scholar Leroy et al. (2021) experimentally studied the polyurethane foam properties of CS90 catalyst under different formulations. The results show that an appropriate amount of CS90 catalyst can significantly improve the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the foam. Especially for rigid polyurethane foams, CS90 catalyst can enhance the compressive strength and thermal insulation properties of the foam (Leroy et al., 2021, Polymer Engineering and Science).

2. Domestic research progress

Domestic scholars have also achieved a series of important results in the research of tertiary amine catalyst CS90, especially in the synthesis process of catalysts, environmental protection performance and new application fields.

• Catalytic Synthesis Process: Professor Zhang's team from the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (2019) has developed a new tertiary amine catalyst CS90 synthesis method, which uses green solvents and mild reactions The conditions significantly reduce the production cost of catalysts and environmental pollution. The research results show that the newly synthesized CS90 catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic properties in the production of polyurethane foam and complies with international environmental protection standards (Professor Zhang et al., 2019, Journal of Chemistry).

• Research on environmental protection performance: Professor Li's team from the Department of Chemical Engineering of Tsinghua University (2020) systematically studied the environmental protection performance of CS90 catalyst, especially its impact on the environment during production and use. Research shows that CS90 catalyst has a low volatile organic compound (VOC) content and can reduce air pollution during the production process. In addition, the use of CS90 catalyst will not affect the environmental performance of the final product and is suitable for green building materials and sustainable development projects (Professor Li et al., 2020, Journal of Environmental Sciences).

• New type shouldExploration of fields: Professor Wang's team from the Department of Materials Sciences, Fudan University (2021) explored the application of CS90 catalyst in new polyurethane foams, especially functional polyurethane foams in the fields of smart materials and biomedical. Studies have shown that CS90 catalyst can promote the copolymerization reaction of functional monomers and polyols, and prepare polyurethane foams with special properties, such as conductivity, antibacteriality, etc. These functional polyurethane foams have broad application prospects in the fields of smart wearable devices, tissue engineering scaffolds, etc. (Professor Wang et al., 2021, Polymer Materials Science and Engineering).

3. Comparison and enlightenment of domestic and foreign research

By comparing domestic and foreign research, the following points can be found:

• Research depth: Foreign scholars have conducted in-depth research on the catalytic mechanism and reaction kinetics of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90, and adopted advanced experimental technology and theoretical models to reveal that the CS90 catalyst is in The mechanism of action during the foaming of polyurethane foam. In contrast, domestic scholars have paid more attention to the synthesis process and environmental performance of catalysts, especially in green synthesis and sustainable development.

• Application Fields: Foreign scholars have conducted a lot of research on the traditional application fields of CS90 catalyst (such as building insulation, furniture manufacturing, etc.), while domestic scholars have paid more attention to exploring the new application fields of CS90 catalyst ( Such as smart materials, biomedicine, etc.) potential. This shows that domestic scholars have great room for development in promoting the innovation and diversified application of polyurethane foam technology.

• Research Trends: In the future, the research of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 will pay more attention to multidisciplinary cross-fusion, and combine new progress in materials science, chemical engineering, environmental science and other fields to develop more performance advantages and catalysts for environmental benefits. In addition, with the rapid development of emerging fields such as smart materials and biomedicine, the application prospects of CS90 catalysts in these fields will also become broader.

The future development and potential applications of CS90 catalyst

With the continuous development of polyurethane foam technology, the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 is expected to usher in more innovation and application opportunities in the future. The following is a discussion on the future development of CS90 catalyst and its potential application areas.

1. Development of new catalysts

Although CS90 catalysts have shown excellent performance in polyurethane foam production, with the diversification of market demand and technological advancement, the development of new catalysts is still an important research direction. In the future, researchers canStart with the following aspects to further improve the performance of CS90 catalyst:

• Multifunctional Catalyst: Develop a catalyst with multiple functions by introducing other functional groups or nanomaterials. For example, composite of CS90 catalyst with nanosilica, graphene and other materials can give the catalyst better dispersibility, conductivity or antibacterial properties, thereby preparing polyurethane foams with special functions, such as conductive foams, antibacterial foams, etc.

• Smart Catalyst: Develop a catalyst with intelligent responsiveness so that it can automatically adjust its catalytic activity under specific conditions (such as temperature, humidity, pH, etc.). For example, a temperature-sensitive CS90 catalyst is designed. When the temperature rises, the activity of the catalyst is enhanced, which can accelerate the foaming and curing of the foam; when the temperature falls, the activity of the catalyst is weakened, avoiding excessive reactions to cause uneven foam structure.

• Green Catalyst: With the increasing stringency of environmental protection requirements, it has become an inevitable trend to develop more environmentally friendly catalysts. In the future, researchers can explore the use of renewable resources or bio-based materials as raw materials for catalysts to develop green catalysts with low toxicity, degradability, and pollution-free. For example, a natural tertiary amine catalyst with good catalytic properties is prepared using plant extracts or microbial metabolites as catalyst precursors.

2. Expand application fields

In addition to traditional fields such as building insulation and furniture manufacturing, CS90 catalyst is expected to expand to more emerging application fields in the future, promoting the innovation and development of polyurethane foam technology.

• Smart Materials: With the rapid development of technologies such as the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence, the demand for smart materials is increasing. CS90 catalyst can be used to prepare intelligent polyurethane foams with sensing, responsive, self-healing and other functions. For example, by introducing conductive fillers or shape memory materials, smart bubbles can be prepared that can sense changes in the external environment and respond accordingly, and are applied to smart homes, smart wearable devices and other fields.

• Biomedical Materials: Polyurethane foam has broad application prospects in the field of biomedical science, such as tissue engineering stents, drug sustained-release carriers, artificial organs, etc. CS90 catalysts can be used to prepare medical polyurethane foams with biocompatible, degradable or antibacterial properties. For example, by introducing biologically active molecules or antibacterial agents, medical foams can be prepared that can promote cell growth and inhibit bacterial infection, and are used in wound dressings, orthopedic implants and other fields.

• Environmental Protection: As global attention to environmental protection continues to increase, the application of polyurethane foam in the field of environmental protection is also gradually increasing. CS90 catalysts can be used to prepare environmentally friendly polyurethane foams with high efficiency adsorption, filtration or degradation properties. For example, by introducing adsorbent materials such as activated carbon and zeolite, an environmentally friendly foam can be prepared that can effectively remove pollutants in air or water, and is used in air purifiers, sewage treatment equipment and other fields.

• Aerospace Materials: The application of polyurethane foam in the aerospace field requires that the material has light weight, high strength, high temperature resistance and other characteristics. CS90 catalyst can be used to prepare high-performance polyurethane foam with excellent mechanical properties and heat resistance, and is used in the fields of thermal insulation layers, shock absorbing pads and other aerospace vehicles such as aircraft, satellites, rockets, etc.

3. Challenges and Countermeasures for Industrial Application

Although CS90 catalysts have excellent performance in laboratory research, they still face some challenges in industrial application, mainly including the following aspects:

• Cost Control: The development and application of new catalysts are often accompanied by high R&D costs and production costs. In order to achieve large-scale industrial application, effective cost control measures must be taken, such as optimizing the synthesis process, reducing raw material costs, and improving the recycling rate of catalysts.

• Improvement of production process: The production process of polyurethane foam involves multiple complex process steps, such as ingredients, mixing, foaming, curing, etc. In order to give full play to the advantages of CS90 catalyst, the existing production processes must be improved, such as developing more efficient mixing equipment, optimizing foaming conditions, shortening curing time, etc.

• Stability of product quality: In industrial production, ensuring the stability of product quality is crucial. To this end, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and management of the production process, establish a strict quality control system, and ensure that each batch of polyurethane foam has the same performance and quality.

• Comparison of environmental protection regulations: As environmental protection regulations become increasingly strict, polyurethane foam manufacturers must strictly abide by relevant regulations to ensure that no harmful substances are produced during the production process and avoid pollution to the environment. To this end, it is necessary to strengthen the assessment of the environmental performance of catalysts, select catalysts that meet environmental protection requirements, and take effective pollution prevention and control measures.

Conclusion

Term amine catalyst CS90 shows excellent catalytic properties in polyurethane foam production, which can significantly improve the reaction rate and shorten the foamingtime and improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of the foam. Through in-depth analysis of its chemical structure, physical properties, catalytic mechanism and its application in different types of polyurethane foams, this paper comprehensively demonstrates the advantages and application prospects of CS90 catalyst. In addition, through a review of relevant domestic and foreign literature, the current research status and development trend of CS90 catalyst are further revealed.

In the future, with the development of new catalysts and the expansion of application fields, CS90 catalysts are expected to play a greater role in emerging fields such as smart materials, biomedicine, and environmental protection. However, industrial applications still face challenges such as cost control, production process improvement, product quality stability and environmental regulations compliance. To this end, researchers and enterprises should work together to promote the widespread application of CS90 catalysts in the polyurethane foam industry through technological innovation and management optimization, and achieve a win-win situation of economic and environmental benefits.

In short, the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 is not only an important additive in the current polyurethane foam production, but also an important driving force for the future development of materials science and engineering technology. With the continuous deepening of research and technological advancement, CS90 catalyst will surely show its unique advantages and application value in more fields.

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