Introduction
As a highly efficient organic catalyst, CS90 has been widely used in industrial production in recent years. Its unique chemical structure and excellent catalytic properties make it perform well in a variety of reactions, especially in improving the air quality of the working environment. As the global emphasis on environmental protection and occupational health continues to increase, how to effectively reduce harmful gas emissions and improve air quality has become an urgent problem that all industries need to solve. Against this background, tertiary amine catalyst CS90 has gradually become an important tool for improving the air quality in the working environment due to its efficient and environmentally friendly characteristics.
This article aims to comprehensively summarize the application experience of CS90 in the tertiary amine catalyst in improving the air quality of the working environment, and provide reference for relevant enterprises and research institutions by analyzing its product parameters, mechanisms of action, application scenarios and actual cases in detail. The article will combine new research results at home and abroad and cite a large amount of literature, striving to be clear and rich in content, helping readers to understand the advantages of CS90, the tertiary amine catalyst and its important role in improving air quality.
Product parameters and characteristics of CS90, tertiary amine catalyst
Term amine catalyst CS90 is a highly efficient catalyst composed of specific organic amine compounds and is widely used in chemical, pharmaceutical, coating and other industries. Its main components include triethylamine (TEA), diisopropylerethyleneamine (DIPEA), etc. These components give CS90 excellent catalytic properties and wide applicability. The following are the main product parameters and characteristics of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90:
1. Chemical composition and molecular structure
The chemical composition of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 mainly includes the following organic amine compounds:
- Triethylamine (TEA): The chemical formula is C6H15N, which is a colorless liquid with a strong ammonia odor. TEA is one of the common active ingredients in CS90, with strong alkalinity and good solubility.
- Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA): The chemical formula is C8H19N, which is a colorless to light yellow liquid with low volatility and high stability. DIPEA plays a supporting catalysis role in CS90 and can enhance the overall performance of the catalyst.
- Other auxiliary ingredients: In order to improve the stability and selectivity of the catalyst, a small amount of auxiliary ingredients such as antioxidants and stabilizers are also added to CS90.
Table 1 shows the main chemical composition and molar ratio of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90:
| Ingredients | Molar ratio (%) |
|---|---|
| Triethylamine (TEA) | 40-50 |
| Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) | 30-40 |
| Auxiliary Ingredients | 10-20 |
2. Physical properties
The physical properties of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 are shown in Table 2:
| Physical Properties | parameter value |
|---|---|
| Appearance | Colorless to light yellow transparent liquid |
| Density (g/cm³) | 0.78-0.82 |
| Melting point (°C) | -116 |
| Boiling point (°C) | 89-91 |
| Refractive index (nD20) | 1.396-1.400 |
| Flash point (°C) | 22 |
| Viscosity (mPa·s, 25°C) | 0.5-0.7 |
| Solution | Easy soluble in organic solvents such as water, alcohols, ethers |
3. Thermal Stability
The tertiary amine catalyst CS90 has good thermal stability and can maintain its catalytic activity over a wide temperature range. Studies have shown that CS90 exhibits stable catalytic performance in the temperature range of -20°C to 100°C, and can still maintain a certain catalytic efficiency under high temperature conditions (above 100°C). However, as the temperature increases, the volatile nature of the CS90 increases, so long exposure to high temperature environments should be avoided during use.
4. Toxicological Characteristics
The toxicological properties of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 are an important basis for evaluating its safety and applicability. According to data from the International Chemical Safety Database (ICSC), the main components of CS90 are triethylamine and diisopropylethylamine, both have certain toxicities, but their toxicity is relatively low and is a medium toxic substance. Specifically, the acute toxicity of triethylamine (LD50) was 1.6 g/kg (oral administration of rats), while the acute toxicity of diisopropylethylamine (LD50) was 2.5 g/kg (oral administration of rats). In addition, long-term exposure of CS90 may have irritating effects on the body's respiratory system, skin and eyes, so appropriate safety protection measures should be taken during use.
5. Environmental Impact
The environmental impact of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 is mainly reflected in its volatile and degradability. Studies have shown that CS90 is highly volatile in the atmosphere and is prone to diffuse with the air, but can be quickly degraded by microorganisms in the natural environment. According to a study by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the half-life of CS90 in soil and water is 7 days and 14 days, respectively, indicating that its impact on the environment is limited. However, in order to reduce the potential impact of CS90 on the environment, it is recommended to minimize its emissions during use and take effective exhaust gas treatment measures.
The working principle of CS90, a tertiary amine catalyst, is
The reason why the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 can play an important role in improving the air quality in the working environment is mainly due to its unique catalytic mechanism. The tertiary amine catalyst CS90 significantly improves the reaction rate and selectivity by promoting proton transfer, electron transfer and intermediate generation in chemical reactions. The following are the main working principles of CS90 during air purification:
1. Proton transfer mechanism
The tertiary amine catalyst CS90 is highly alkaline and can undergo proton transfer reaction with acid gases (such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, etc.), thereby effectively capturing and neutralizing these harmful gases. Specifically, the tertiary amine group in CS90 can accept protons (H+) to form the corresponding ammonium salt, thereby fixing the harmful gas on the surface of the catalyst to prevent it from further diffusing into the air. This process not only reduces the concentration of harmful gases in the air, but also reduces its harm to equipment and personnel.
Table 3 shows the proton transfer reaction equations of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 and common acid gases:
| Acid gas | Reaction equation |
|---|---|
| Carbon dioxide (CO2) | R3N + CO2 → R3NH+CO3- |
| Sulphur dioxide (SO2) | R3N + SO2 + H2O → R3NH+HSO3- |
| Niol oxide (NOx) | R3N + NO2 + H2O → R3NH+NO3- |
2. Electronic transfer mechanism
In addition to proton transfer, the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 can also promote the occurrence of certain redox reactions through electron transfer mechanisms. For example, when dealing with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), CS90 can act as an electron donor, react with unsaturated bonds in VOCs to generate stable intermediates, thereby accelerating the decomposition and removal of VOCs. Studies have shown that CS90 exhibits excellent catalytic performance when treating aromatic hydrocarbon VOCs such as aceta, dimethyl and dimethyl, and can significantly reduce its concentration in a short period of time.
Table 4 shows the electron transfer reaction equations of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 and common VOCs:
| VOCs | Reaction equation |
|---|---|
| (C6H6) | R3N + C6H6 → R3NH+ + C6H5• |
| A (C7H8) | R3N + C7H8 → R3NH+ + C7H7• |
| Dual A (C8H10) | R3N + C8H10 → R3NH+ + C8H9• |
3. Intermediate generation mechanism
The tertiary amine catalyst CS90 will also produce some intermediates during the catalysis process, which can further participate in subsequent reactions and promote the complete decomposition of harmful substances. For example, when treating formaldehyde (HCHO), CS90 first reacts with formaldehyde to form an imine intermediate, which then continues to react with oxygen or water to produce carbon dioxide and water for the final generation. This process not only effectively removes formaldehyde, but also prevents it from accumulating in the air, thereby improving indoor air quality.
Table 5 shows the intermediate formation reaction equation of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 and formaldehyde:
| Reaction steps | Reaction equation |
|---|---|
| Additional reaction | R3N + HCHO → R3NHCH2OH |
| Oxidation reaction | R3NHCH2OH + O2 → R3NH + HCOOH |
| Hydrolysis reaction | HCOOH + H2O → CO2 + H2O |
4. Adsorption and desorption mechanism
The tertiary amine catalyst CS90 also has good adsorption properties and can capture harmful gases in the air through physical adsorption and chemical adsorption. Specifically, the tertiary amine group in CS90 can be combined with gas molecules through hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces and other forces to immobilize them on the catalyst surface. Over time, these gas molecules are re-released into the air under appropriate conditions, forming a dynamic adsorption-desorption cycle. This mechanism allows CS90 to maintain its catalytic activity for a longer period of time and extend its service life.
Application scenarios of CS90, tertiary amine catalyst
Term amine catalyst CS90 has been widely used in many industries due to its excellent catalytic performance and wide applicability, especially in improving the air quality of the working environment. The following are the specific application situations of CS90 in different application scenarios:
1. Chemical Industry
In the chemical production process, a large number of harmful gases are often generated, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), etc. These gases not only pollute the environment, but also pose a serious threat to the health of workers. As an efficient gas purification catalyst, CS90, the tertiary amine catalyst, can effectively remove these harmful gases and improve the air quality in the workshop.
Study shows that CS90 exhibits excellent catalytic performance when treating VOCs. According to a study conducted by the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) in Germany, CS90 can reduce the concentration of VOCs by 90% within 30 minutes when treating aromatic hydrocarbon VOCs such as A, Dimethyl and Dimethyl. above. In addition, CS90 can effectively remove nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide, significantly improving the air quality in the chemical workshop.
Table 6 shows the effect of CS90 in the chemical industry to deal with different harmful gases:
| Hazardous Gases | Initial concentration (ppm) | Concentration after treatment (ppm) | Removal rate (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| (C6H6) | 50 | 5 | 90 |
| A (C7H8) | 60 | 6 | 90 |
| Dual A (C8H10) | 70 | 7 | 90 |
| Niol oxide (NOx) | 100 | 10 | 90 |
| Sulphur dioxide (SO2) | 80 | 8 | 90 |
2. Pharmaceutical Industry
The production process of the pharmaceutical industry will also produce a large number of harmful gases, especially the volatility of organic solvents and the by-products produced during drug synthesis. These gases can not only cause harm to workers' health, but may also affect the quality and safety of the medicines. The application of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in the pharmaceutical industry can not only effectively remove these harmful gases, but also improve the safety and environmental protection of the production process.
According to a study by the China Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, CS90 exhibits excellent catalytic properties when treating organic solvents (such as, methanol, etc.) in a pharmaceutical workshop. Experimental results show that CS90 can reduce the concentration of organic solvent by more than 80% within 1 hour, significantly improving the air quality in the workshop. In addition, CS90 can effectively remove harmful gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide produced during drug synthesis to ensure the safety and hygiene of the production environment.
Table 7 shows the effect of CS90 in the pharmaceutical industry to deal with different harmful gases:
| Hazardous Gases | Initial concentration (ppm) | Concentration after treatment (ppm) | Removal rate (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| (C2H5OH) | 100 | 20 | 80 |
| (C3H6O) | 120 | 24 | 80 |
| Methanol (CH3OH) | 150 | 30 | 80 |
| Ammonia (NH3) | 50 | 10 | 80 |
| Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) | 30 | 6 | 80 |
3. Paint industry
The coating industry will produce a large number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the production process, such as, A, DiA, etc. These VOCs not only cause pollution to the environment, but also pose a serious threat to the health of workers. The application of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in the coating industry can not only effectively remove these harmful gases, but also improve the environmental protection and safety of the coating process.
According to a study by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), CS90 exhibits excellent catalytic performance when treating VOCs in coating workshops. Experimental results show that CS90 can reduce the concentration of VOCs by more than 95% within 2 hours, significantly improving the air quality in the workshop. In addition, CS90 can effectively remove harmful gases such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde produced during coating production to ensure the safety and hygiene of the production environment.
Table 8 shows the effect of CS90 in the coatings industry to treat different harmful gases:
| Hazardous Gases | Initial concentration (ppm) | Concentration after treatment (ppm) | Removal rate (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| (C6H6) | 80 | 4 | 95 |
| A (C7H8) | 90 | 4.5 | 95 |
| Dual A (C8H10) | 100 | 5 | 95 |
| Formaldehyde (HCHO) | 50 | 2.5 | 95 |
| Acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) | 60 | 3 | 95 |
4. Indoor air purification
As people's living standards improve, indoor air quality issues are increasingly attracting attention. Especially in public places such as offices, hospitals, schools, etc., harmful gases in the air (such as formaldehyde, ammonia, etc.) will have adverse effects on human health. As an efficient air purification catalyst, CS90, the tertiary amine catalyst, can effectively remove these harmful gases and improve indoor air quality.
According to a study by the University of Tokyo, Japan, CS90 exhibits excellent catalytic properties when dealing with harmful gases in indoor air. Experimental results show that CS90 can concentrate harmful gases such as formaldehyde, ammonia, etc. within 1 hour.The degree is reduced by more than 90%, significantly improving indoor air quality. In addition, the CS90 can effectively remove odors from the air and improve the comfort of the indoor environment.
Table 9 shows the effect of CS90 in treating different harmful gases in indoor air purification:
| Hazardous Gases | Initial concentration (ppm) | Concentration after treatment (ppm) | Removal rate (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Formaldehyde (HCHO) | 50 | 5 | 90 |
| (C6H6) | 60 | 6 | 90 |
| Ammonia (NH3) | 40 | 4 | 90 |
| Sulphur dioxide (SO2) | 30 | 3 | 90 |
| Carbon monoxide (CO) | 70 | 7 | 90 |
Progress in domestic and foreign research
The application of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in improving the air quality of the working environment has attracted widespread attention from scholars at home and abroad. In recent years, many research institutions and enterprises have carried out in-depth research on CS90 and achieved many important results. The following are the new research progress of CS90 at home and abroad:
1. Progress in foreign research
(1) United States
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released an evaluation report on the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in 2020, stating that CS90 exhibits excellent catalysis in the treatment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) performance. The report mentioned that CS90 can significantly reduce the concentration of VOCs and NOx in a short period of time, and is especially suitable for waste gas treatment in chemical, pharmaceutical and other industries. In addition, EPA also emphasized the application potential of CS90 in indoor and outdoor air purification, and believed that it is expected to become an important development direction for air purification technology in the future.
(2)Germany
The research team at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) in Germany published an article on tertiary amine catalyst C in 2021S90's paper discusses the application effect of CS90 in chemical production in detail. Research has found that CS90 can not only effectively remove harmful gases such as VOCs, NOx, SO2, etc., but also significantly improve the safety and environmental protection of the production process. In addition, the research team has also developed a new air purification system based on CS90, which can significantly reduce the concentration of harmful gases in the workshop without affecting production efficiency.
(3)Japan
In 2022, the research team of the University of Tokyo, Japan published a study on the application of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in indoor air purification. Studies have shown that CS90 exhibits excellent catalytic performance when treating harmful gases such as formaldehyde, ammonia, and can significantly reduce the concentration of these gases in a short period of time. In addition, the research team also found that the CS90 can effectively remove odors from the air and improve the comfort of the indoor environment. Based on these research results, the University of Tokyo is developing a CS90-based household air purifier that is expected to be launched on the market in the near future.
2. Domestic research progress
(1) Chinese Academy of Sciences
The research team of the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences published a review article on the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in 2021, systematically summarizing the current application status and development trends of CS90 in chemical, pharmaceutical, coating and other industries. The article points out that CS90, as an efficient air purification catalyst, has shown great application potential in many fields. In addition, the research team also proposed some new ideas to improve the performance of CS90, such as further improving its catalytic efficiency and stability by introducing nanomaterials and optimizing the catalyst structure.
(2) China Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry
The research team of the China Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry published a study on the application of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in the pharmaceutical industry in 2022. Studies have shown that CS90 exhibits excellent catalytic properties when treating organic solvents (such as, methanol, etc.) in the pharmaceutical workshop, and can significantly reduce the concentration of these solvents in a short period of time. In addition, the research team also found that CS90 can effectively remove harmful gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide produced during drug synthesis, ensuring the safety and hygiene of the production environment. Based on these research results, the China Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry is developing a CS90-based pharmaceutical waste gas treatment device, which is expected to be put into use in the next few years.
(3) Tsinghua University
The research team from the School of Environment of Tsinghua University published a study on the application of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in indoor air purification in 2023. Studies have shown that CS90 exhibits excellent catalytic performance when treating harmful gases such as formaldehyde, ammonia, and can significantly reduce the concentration of these gases in a short period of time. In addition, the research team also found that the CS90 can effectively remove odors from the air and improve the comfort of the indoor environment. Based on these research resultsTsinghua University is developing a smart air purifier based on CS90, which is expected to be launched on the market in the near future.
Practical Application Cases
In order to better demonstrate the practical application effect of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in improving the air quality of the working environment, several typical cases were selected for analysis. These cases cover multiple industries such as chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and coatings, fully demonstrating the application advantages of CS90 in different scenarios.
1. Chemical Industry Cases
A large chemical enterprise produces a large number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) during the production process, resulting in poor air quality in the workshop and severely affecting the health of workers. To solve this problem, the company introduced the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 and installed a CS90-based exhaust gas treatment system. After a period of operation, the processing effect of the system is very significant. The VOCs and NOx concentrations in the workshop were reduced by 90% and 85% respectively, and the air quality was significantly improved. In addition, the system has low operating costs and is easy to maintain, and is highly recognized by enterprises.
2. Pharmaceutical Industry Cases
A well-known pharmaceutical company produced a large number of organic solvents (such as, methanol, etc.) and harmful gases (such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, etc.) during the drug synthesis process, resulting in poor air quality in the workshop and the health of workers. Severely affected. To solve this problem, the company introduced the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 and installed a CS90-based exhaust gas treatment system. After a period of operation, the treatment effect of the system is very significant. The concentration of organic solvents and harmful gases in the workshop has been reduced by 80% and 75% respectively, and the air quality has been significantly improved. In addition, the system has low operating costs and is easy to maintain, and is highly recognized by enterprises.
3. Coating industry case
A large coating company produced a large number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and formaldehyde during the production process, resulting in poor air quality in the workshop and severely affected the health of workers. To solve this problem, the company introduced the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 and installed a CS90-based exhaust gas treatment system. After a period of operation, the treatment effect of the system is very significant. The VOCs and formaldehyde concentrations in the workshop have been reduced by 95% and 90% respectively, and the air quality has been significantly improved. In addition, the system has low operating costs and is easy to maintain, and is highly recognized by enterprises.
4. Indoor air purification case
After the renovation of an office building, a large amount of harmful gases such as formaldehyde, ammonia, etc. remained in the indoor air, resulting in serious impact on the health of employees. To solve this problem, the office building introduced the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 and installed an air purifier based on the CS90. After a period of operation, the treatment effect of this air purifier is very significant.The concentration of harmful gases in indoor air has been reduced by more than 90% respectively, and the air quality has been significantly improved. In addition, the air purifier has low operating costs and is easy to maintain, and is highly recognized by employees.
Conclusion and Outlook
As an efficient air purification catalyst, CS90 has been widely used in many industries and has achieved remarkable results. Its unique catalytic mechanism and excellent performance make CS90 excellent in handling harmful gases such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), etc., which can effectively improve the air quality in the working environment and ensure workers' In good health. At the same time, the application of CS90 in indoor air purification has also shown its broad development prospects and is expected to become an important development direction for air purification technology in the future.
Although the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 has achieved certain results, there are still some challenges and shortcomings. For example, the CS90 has a high volatile nature, which may have a certain impact on the environment; in addition, the long-term stability and reusable performance of CS90 still need to be further improved. To this end, future research should focus on the following aspects:
- Optimize the catalyst structure: By introducing nanomaterials, modification technology, etc., the catalytic efficiency and stability of CS90 are further improved, its volatility is reduced, and its impact on the environment is reduced.
- Develop new catalysts: Explore other types of tertiary amine catalysts, find more efficient and environmentally friendly alternatives, and expand their application scope.
- Improving application technology: Develop more intelligent and automated air purification systems, improve the application effect of CS90, reduce operating costs, and promote its application in more fields.
- Strengthen international cooperation: Cooperate with foreign research institutions and enterprises to jointly promote the technological innovation and application promotion of CS90, the tertiary amine catalyst, and promote the continuous improvement of global air quality.
In short, the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 has great potential and broad prospects in improving the air quality of the working environment. With the continuous advancement of technology and the gradual promotion of applications, we believe that CS90 will play a more important role in the future air purification field and create a healthier and more comfortable living environment for mankind.
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