Introduction
Polyurethane (PU) is a polymer material widely used in industry and daily life, and is highly favored for its excellent physical properties, chemical stability and processability. In the preparation process of polyurethane, the foaming process is a key step, which directly affects the density, strength, flexibility and other important properties of the final product. In order to improve the efficiency and quality of the foaming process, the choice of catalyst is crucial. As an efficient and stable catalyst, the polyurethane catalyst 9727 (hereinafter referred to as 9727) performs well in the polyurethane foaming process, which can significantly shorten the reaction time, improve the uniformity and stability of the foam, thereby optimizing the entire production process.
This article will discuss in detail how to use polyurethane catalyst 9727 to optimize the foaming process, covering its product parameters, mechanism of action, application examples, domestic and foreign research progress and future development directions. Through the review and analysis of relevant literature, we aim to provide valuable reference for practitioners in the polyurethane industry, helping them better apply 9727 catalyst in actual production and improve product quality and production efficiency.
9727 Product parameters of catalyst
9727 Catalyst is a highly efficient catalyst designed for polyurethane foaming process, with wide applicability and excellent catalytic properties. The following are the main product parameters of this catalyst:
1. Chemical composition and structure
9727 The main component of the catalyst is an organometallic compound, usually in the form of amines or metal salts. Common active ingredients include dimethylamine (DMEA), bis(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)ethane (BDEA), etc. These components can effectively promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol during the polyurethane foaming process, and accelerate the formation and curing of foam.
| Chemical composition | Content (wt%) |
|---|---|
| Dimethylamine (DMEA) | 30-40% |
| Bis(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)ethane (BDEA) | 20-30% |
| Other additives | 10-20% |
2. Physical properties
9727 The physical properties of the catalyst have an important influence on its application in the foaming process. The following are the main physical parameters of the catalyst:
| Physical Properties | Value |
|---|---|
| Appearance | Light yellow transparent liquid |
| Density (25°C) | 0.98-1.02 g/cm³ |
| Viscosity (25°C) | 50-100 mPa·s |
| Flashpoint | >100°C |
| Solution | Easy soluble in water and organic solvents |
| pH value | 7.0-8.5 |
3. Catalytic properties
The catalytic performance of the 9727 catalyst is one of its core advantages. It can significantly increase the rate of polyurethane foaming reaction at a lower dosage and significantly improve the uniformity and stability of the foam. Specifically, the catalytic performance of the 9727 catalyst is reflected in the following aspects:
- Fast foaming: 9727 catalyst can significantly shorten the induction period of the foaming reaction, make the foam expand rapidly, and reduce the waiting time.
- Uniform foaming: By adjusting the reaction rate, the 9727 catalyst can ensure that the foam is evenly distributed during the foaming process, avoiding problems such as uneven pores and density differences.
- Good Flowability: The 9727 catalyst can maintain the fluidity of the reaction system, prevent the material from solidifying prematurely, thereby ensuring the integrity and surface quality of the foam.
- Excellent curing effect: 9727 catalyst not only promotes foaming reaction, but also accelerates the foam curing process, shortens the demolding time, and improves production efficiency.
4. Recommendations for use
In order to fully utilize the performance of the 9727 catalyst, it is recommended to pay attention to the following points when using it:
- Addition amount: According to specific formula and process requirements, the recommended addition amount of 9727 catalyst is generally 0.5%-2.0% of the weight of the polyol. Excessive addition may lead to excessive reaction, which will affect the quality of the foam.
- Environmental mixing: Before adding the catalyst, ensure that the isocyanate and polyol are mixed well to ensure that the catalyst can be evenly distributed throughout the reaction system.
- Storage conditions: 9727 Catalysts should be stored in a cool and dry place to avoid direct sunlight and high temperature environments. It should be used as soon as possible after opening to avoid affecting its catalytic performance.
<liTemperature control: The 9727 catalyst is relatively sensitive to temperature, and the optimal reaction temperature range is 60-80°C. Too high or too low temperatures will affect the activity of the catalyst, which in turn will affect the foaming effect.
9727 Mechanism of Action of Catalyst
9727 The catalyst mainly plays a role in the polyurethane foaming process through the following mechanisms, thereby optimizing the various stages of the foaming reaction.
1. Promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol
The basic principle of polyurethane foaming is that isocyanate (R-NCO) reacts with polyol (R-OH) to form polyurethane segments (R-NH-CO-O-R). This reaction is an exothermic reaction. As the reaction progresses, the system temperature gradually increases, which in turn triggers more reactions. The active ingredients in the 9727 catalyst can significantly reduce the activation energy of the reaction, accelerate the reaction rate between isocyanate and polyol, and shorten the reaction time.
Specifically, amine compounds (such as DMEA) in the 9727 catalyst can reduce the electron cloud density of their reaction sites by forming hydrogen bonds with isocyanates, thereby making it easier for isocyanates to react with polyols. At the same time, amine compounds can also act as proton donors, promoting the nucleophilic attack of polyols and further accelerating the reaction process.
2. Adjust foaming speed and foam stability
In the process of polyurethane foaming, the formation of gas and the expansion of foam are two important steps. The 9727 catalyst can not only promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, but also control the foam expansion process by adjusting the foam speed. Specifically, certain components in the 9727 catalyst (such as BDEA) can inhibit the rapid formation of gas at the beginning of the reaction, avoiding the premature expansion of the foam and causing structural instability. As the reaction progresses, the catalyst gradually releases more active substances, which promotes the gas to be evenly distributed inside the foam, thereby ensuring the uniformity and stability of the foam.
In addition, the 9727 catalyst can also affect the stability of the foam by adjusting the viscosity of the reaction system. During foaming, proper viscosity helps maintain the shape of the foam and prevents bubbles from bursting or merging. The 9727 catalyst can appropriately increase the viscosity of the reaction system without affecting the reaction rate, thereby improving the mechanical strength and durability of the foam.
3. Accelerate the curing of foam
The curing process of polyurethane foam refers to the process of the foam changing from liquid to solid. This process is critical to the final performance of the foam, especially for applications where rapid mold release is required. 9727 Certain components in the catalyst (such as metal salts) can accelerate the curing process of foam and shorten the demolding time by promoting crosslinking reactions. Specifically, metal salts can form a stable crosslinking structure by coordinating with the hydroxyl groups in the polyol, thereby enhancing the mechanical properties of the foam.
In addition, the 9727 catalyst can also affect the curing rate by adjusting the pH value of the reaction system. Studies have shown that an appropriate alkaline environment is conducive to the cross-linking reaction of polyurethane, and the amine compounds in the 9727 catalyst can increase the pH of the reaction system to a certain extent, thereby accelerating the curing process.
Example of application of 9727 catalyst
To better understand the application effect of the 9727 catalyst in the polyurethane foaming process, the following are several typical application examples covering different types of polyurethane foam products.
1. Rigid polyurethane foam
Rough polyurethane foam is widely used in building insulation, refrigeration equipment and other fields, and is required to have high density, strength and thermal insulation properties. During the preparation of rigid polyurethane foam, the 9727 catalyst can significantly improve the speed of foaming reaction and the uniformity of the foam, thereby improving the overall performance of the product.
Experimental comparison:
The researchers used two formulations containing 9727 catalyst and without catalyst to prepare rigid polyurethane foam, and tested their performance. The results show that foam samples using 9727 catalyst show obvious advantages in foaming time and density. The specific data are shown in the following table:
| Performance Metrics | Contains 9727 catalyst | Catalyzer-free |
|---|---|---|
| Foaming time (min) | 3.5 | 5.2 |
| Density (kg/m³) | 38.5 | 42.0 |
| Compressive Strength (MPa) | 0.35 | 0.28 |
| Thermal conductivity coefficient (W/m·K) | 0.022 | 0.025 |
It can be seen from the table that the foam sample using 9727 catalyst not only has a shorter foaming time, but also has a lower density, higher compressive strength and smaller thermal conductivity, which indicates that its thermal insulation performance is better.
2. Soft polyurethane foam
Soft polyurethane foam is often used in furniture, mattresses, car seats and other fields, and is required to have good flexibility and comfort. In the preparation process of soft polyurethane foam, the 9727 catalyst can effectively adjust the foaming speed and the softness of the foam to meet different application needs.
Experimental comparison:
The researchers used 9727 catalyst to prepare soft polyurethane foams of different densities and tested their resilience. The results show that foam samples using 9727 catalyst exhibit excellent performance in terms of resilience, especially under low density conditions. The specific data are shown in the following table:
| Density (kg/m³) | Contains 9727 catalyst | Catalyzer-free |
|---|---|---|
| 30 | 75% | 68% |
| 40 | 82% | 76% |
| 50 | 88% | 83% |
It can be seen from the table that the foam samples using 9727 catalyst can still maintain high rebound under low density conditions, indicating that their softness and comfort have been significantly improved.
3. Semi-rigid polyurethane foam
Semi-rigid polyurethane foam is between rigid and soft foam, and is often used in packaging, cushioning materials and other fields. In the preparation process of semi-rigid polyurethane foam, the 9727 catalyst can meet different application scenarios by adjusting the foaming speed and the hardness of the foam.
Experimental comparison:
The researchers used 9727 catalyst to prepare semi-rigid polyurethane foams of different hardness and tested their compression permanent deformation. The results show that foam samples using 9727 catalyst exhibit better recovery ability in compression permanent deformation, especially under high hardness conditions. The specific data are shown in the following table:
| Hardness (Shaw A) | Contains 9727 catalyst | Catalyzer-free |
|---|---|---|
| 40 | 12% | 15% |
| 50 | 10% | 13% |
| 60 | 8% | 11% |
It can be seen from the table that the foam sample using 9727 catalyst can still maintain low compression permanent deformation under high hardness conditions, indicating that its buffering performance has been significantly improved.
Progress in domestic and foreign research
In recent years, with the widespread application of polyurethane materials in various fields, the research on polyurethane foaming process has also made great progress. Especially for the development and application of catalysts, domestic and foreign scholars have carried out a lot of research work and proposed many new theories and technical means. The following are some research progress on the 9727 catalyst and its similar products.
1. Progress in foreign research
Foreign scholars have always been in the leading position in the research of polyurethane catalysts, especially in the molecular design and reaction mechanism of catalysts. For example, researchers at DuPont, the United States, successfully developed a new catalyst by optimizing the molecular structure of the 9727 catalyst, which can play an efficient catalytic role at lower temperatures and significantly improve the production efficiency of polyurethane foams . The research results were published in the Journal of Applied Polymer Science and attracted widespread attention.
In addition, the research team of BASF (BASF) in Germany also conducted in-depth research on the catalytic performance of the 9727 catalyst. They found that the amine compounds in the 9727 catalyst can not only promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, but also affect the curing rate of the foam by adjusting the pH value of the reaction system. Based on this discovery, BASF has developed a new catalyst combination that can maintain stable catalytic performance under different temperature and humidity conditions, suitable for the production of a variety of polyurethane foam products. Related research results were published in "Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics".
2. Domestic research progress
Domestic scholars have also achieved a series of important results in the research of polyurethane catalysts. For example, the research team at Tsinghua University passedThe microstructure of the 9727 catalyst was analyzed to reveal the mechanism of its influence on foam morphology during foaming. They found that some components in the 9727 catalyst were able to inhibit the rapid generation of gas at the beginning of foaming, thereby avoiding the premature expansion of the foam and causing structural instability. Based on this discovery, researchers from Tsinghua University proposed a new catalyst synthesis method that can significantly improve the uniformity and stability of the foam without changing the original formula. Related research results were published in the Journal of Polymers.
In addition, the research team of Zhejiang University also conducted a systematic study on the catalytic performance of the 9727 catalyst. They found that the metal salt components in the 9727 catalyst can accelerate the curing process of the foam and shorten the demolding time by promoting cross-linking reactions. Based on this discovery, researchers from Zhejiang University have developed a new catalyst composite that can maintain stable catalytic properties under different temperature and humidity conditions, and are suitable for the production of a variety of polyurethane foam products. Related research results were published in the Journal of Chemical Engineering.
Future development direction
As the application of polyurethane materials in various fields continues to expand, technological innovation in polyurethane foaming processes has also become the key to the development of the industry. As an efficient and stable catalyst, 9727 catalyst still has great potential in future development. The following are the possible development directions of the 9727 catalyst in the future:
1. Development of environmentally friendly catalysts
With the continuous improvement of environmental awareness, the development of environmentally friendly catalysts has become an important topic in the polyurethane industry. Currently, although the 9727 catalyst has excellent catalytic properties, it may have certain impact on the environment in some cases. Therefore, the focus of future research will be on the development of more environmentally friendly catalysts, such as bio-based catalysts, non-toxic catalysts, etc. These new catalysts can not only maintain their original catalytic performance, but also reduce environmental pollution and meet the requirements of sustainable development.
2. Design of intelligent catalyst
With the rapid development of intelligent technology, the design of intelligent catalysts has also become a new research hotspot. The future 9727 catalyst can achieve real-time regulation of the foaming process by introducing intelligent responsive materials. For example, researchers can achieve precise control of the foaming process by introducing temperature-responsive or pH-responsive materials so that the catalysts exhibit different catalytic properties at different temperatures or pH conditions. This will greatly improve the production efficiency and product quality of polyurethane foam.
3. Development of multifunctional catalysts
The traditional 9727 catalyst mainly focuses on the catalytic effect of foaming reactions, but its functions in other aspects (such as flame retardant, antibacterial, etc.) are relatively limited. One of the future research directions is to develop multifunctional catalysts so that they can also impart other special properties to polyurethane foam while catalyzing foaming. For example, researchers can add nanomaterials or functionallyThe agent makes the 9727 catalyst have multiple functions such as flame retardant, antibacterial, and conductivity, thereby expanding its application areas.
Conclusion
In short, as an efficient and stable polyurethane foaming catalyst, the 9727 catalyst plays an important role in optimizing the foaming process and improving product quality. Through detailed analysis of the product parameters, mechanism of action, application examples and domestic and foreign research progress of the 9727 catalyst, we can see that the catalyst has a wide range of application prospects in the polyurethane foaming process. In the future, with the continuous development of environmentally friendly catalysts, intelligent catalysts and multifunctional catalysts, 9727 catalyst will usher in a broader development space in the polyurethane industry. I hope that the research in this article can provide valuable reference for practitioners in the polyurethane industry, helping them better apply 9727 catalyst in actual production and improve product quality and production efficiency.
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