Introduction
Polyurethane (PU) is a widely used polymer material. Due to its excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance, wear resistance and elasticity, polyurethane (PU) is used in construction, automobile, furniture, footwear, coatings, etc. Many fields have been widely used. However, traditional polyurethane products are often accompanied by strong odors during production and use, which not only affects the user experience, but may also have a negative impact on the environment and human health. As consumers' attention to environmental protection and health continues to increase, the market demand for low-odor polyurethane products is gradually increasing.
In recent years, significant progress has been made in the research and development of low-odor polyurethanes worldwide. As a key additive in the polyurethane synthesis process, the selection and optimization of catalysts play a crucial role in the final performance and odor control of the product. As a new high-efficiency and low-odor catalyst, the 9727 polyurethane catalyst has shown excellent performance in many application fields. This article will discuss in detail the technical path for the 9727 polyurethane catalyst to achieve low-odor products, including its chemical structure, mechanism of action, process parameter optimization, application scenarios, and future development direction.
By citing relevant domestic and foreign literature, this paper will systematically analyze the performance of 9727 catalysts in different application scenarios, and combine them with actual cases to explore its advantages and challenges in reducing the odor of polyurethane products. The article will also compare the performance of other common catalysts to further highlight the uniqueness of the 9727 catalyst. Later, this article will summarize the shortcomings of the current research and make suggestions for future research directions, in order to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the development of low-odor polyurethane products.
Chemical structure and characteristics of 9727 polyurethane catalyst
The 9727 polyurethane catalyst is a highly efficient catalyst based on organometallic compounds, mainly composed of metal ions and organic ligands. Its chemical structure can be represented as M(L)n, where M represents metal ion, L represents organic ligand, and n is the number of ligands. According to literature reports, the metal ions in the 9727 catalyst are usually zinc (Zn), bismuth (Bi) or tin (Sn), while the organic ligands are mostly carboxylates, amines or other organic molecules with specific functions. This unique chemical structure imparts a range of excellent properties to the 9727 catalyst, allowing it to exhibit excellent catalytic efficiency and low odor properties during polyurethane synthesis.
Chemical structure analysis
The specific chemical structure of the 9727 catalyst can vary according to different formulations, but its basic structural unit is a metal-ligand complex. Taking the zinc-based 9727 catalyst as an example, its chemical formula can be represented as Zn(COOH)2 or Zn(OAc)2, where COOH or OAc represents a carboxylate or root. The metal ions of such catalysts are usually located in a central position and are surrounded by multiple organic ligands to form a stableOctahedral or tetrahedral structure. This structure not only improves the stability of the catalyst, but also enhances its affinity for reactants, thereby accelerating the crosslinking reaction of polyurethane.
Physical and chemical properties
The physicochemical properties of the 9727 catalyst have an important influence on its performance in polyurethane synthesis. The following are the main physical and chemical parameters of the catalyst:
| parameters | Description |
|---|---|
| Appearance | Slight yellow to brown transparent liquid |
| Density | 1.05-1.15 g/cm³ |
| Viscosity | 30-50 mPa·s (25°C) |
| Solution | Easy soluble in organic solvents such as alcohols, ketones, and esters |
| Thermal Stability | Stable below 150°C, decomposition begins above 150°C |
| Active temperature range | 40-80°C |
| pH value | 6.5-7.5 |
From the table, it can be seen that the 9727 type catalyst has good solubility and thermal stability, and can maintain activity over a wide temperature range. In addition, its viscosity is moderate, which facilitates even mixing with other raw materials during the production process, ensuring effective dispersion and uniform distribution of the catalyst.
Catalytic Mechanism
The mechanism of action of type 9727 catalyst is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
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Promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol: The 9727 catalyst can effectively reduce the reaction activation energy between isocyanate (NCO) and polyol (OH) and speed up the reaction rate. Studies have shown that the catalyst reduces the energy barrier of the reaction by forming a transition state complex with NCO groups, thereby accelerating the crosslinking reaction of polyurethane.
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Inhibition of side reactions: In the process of polyurethane synthesis, in addition to the main reaction, some side reactions may also be accompanied by hydrolysis reactions, oxidation reactions, etc. These side reactions not only reduce the performance of the product, but also produce volatile organic compounds (VOCs), causing odor problems. Type 9727 catalyst can regulate reaction conditions, inhibit the occurrence of side reactions and reduce the generation of VOCs.to achieve a low odor effect.
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Improving the selectivity of reactions: The 9727 catalyst has a high selectivity and can preferentially promote the reaction between NCO and OH without excessively promoting other side reactions. This selectivity helps improve the purity and quality of the product and reduce unnecessary impurities generation.
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Extend opening hours: In certain applications, such as spray-coated polyurethane foam (SPF) or cast molding, it is very important to extend the opening hours. The 9727 catalyst can appropriately extend the opening time while ensuring the reaction rate, making the operation more flexible and reducing product defects caused by improper operation.
Application of 9727 catalyst in polyurethane synthesis
The 9727 catalyst is widely used in the synthesis of various types of polyurethanes due to its unique chemical structure and excellent catalytic properties. Depending on different application scenarios, the 9727 catalyst can play different roles to meet diverse needs. The following are several typical application areas and their specific application methods.
1. Polyurethane foam
Polyurethane foam is one of the common applications in polyurethane materials and is widely used in building insulation, furniture manufacturing, automotive interiors and other fields. During the foam preparation process, the 9727 catalyst can effectively promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, while inhibiting the occurrence of side reactions, thereby preparing high-quality foam materials with uniform density and consistent pore size.
Application Example
In a study on building insulation materials, researchers used the 9727 catalyst to prepare rigid polyurethane foam. Experimental results show that compared with traditional catalysts, the 9727 catalyst not only significantly improves the density and thermal conductivity of the foam, but also greatly reduces the odor of the foam. Through the odor test of the foam samples, it was found that the odor intensity of the foam samples using the 9727 catalyst was only about 1/3 of that of the traditional catalyst within 24 hours, showing a significant low odor advantage.
Process parameter optimization
In order to further optimize the application effect of the 9727 catalyst in foam preparation, the researchers conducted a systematic study of the process parameters. The results show that when the catalyst dosage is 0.5-1.0 wt%, the foam has good comprehensive performance; the reaction temperature is controlled between 60-70°C, which can not only ensure the reaction rate, but also avoid excessive temperatures causing the catalyst to decompose; The choice of foaming agent is also crucial. When using cyclopentane as the foaming agent, the foam's expansion rate and density are better than other foaming agents.
2. Polyurethane coating
Polyurethane coatings are widely used in automobiles, ships, bridges and other fields due to their excellent weather resistance, adhesion and wear resistance.anticorrosion coating. During the coating preparation process, the 9727 catalyst can effectively promote the curing reaction, shorten the drying time, and reduce VOC emissions, achieving the preparation of low-odor and environmentally friendly coatings.
Application Example
A car manufacturer has introduced the 9727 catalyst in the coating process of its new models. After practical application, the catalyst not only significantly shortens the drying time of the paint, but also greatly reduces the odor concentration of the coating workshop. Through the odor test of the car body after coating, it was found that the odor intensity of the coating using the 9727 catalyst was only about 1/4 of that of the traditional catalyst within 24 hours, which greatly improved the working environment of workers.
Process parameter optimization
In order to optimize the application effect of the 9727 catalyst in coatings, the researchers adjusted the coating formulation and coating process. The results show that when the catalyst dosage is 0.2-0.5 wt%, the curing speed and hardness of the coating reach an optimal balance; the coating temperature is controlled between 40-50°C, which can ensure the rapid curing of the coating without affecting it. The appearance quality of the coating; the use of aqueous solvents instead of traditional organic solvents can further reduce VOC emissions and achieve a more environmentally friendly coating process.
3. Polyurethane elastomer
Polyurethane elastomers have excellent elasticity and wear resistance, and are widely used in soles, conveyor belts, seals and other fields. During the elastomer preparation process, the 9727 catalyst can effectively promote crosslinking reactions, improve the mechanical properties of the material, and reduce the generation of odors, meeting the needs of high-end applications.
Application Example
A sneaker manufacturer has introduced the 9727 catalyst to the sole material of its new running shoes. After practical application, this catalyst not only significantly improves the elasticity and wear resistance of the sole, but also greatly reduces the odor of the sole. Through the odor test of finished shoes, it was found that the odor intensity of the sole using the 9727 catalyst was only about 1/5 of that of the traditional catalyst within 24 hours, which greatly improved the user's wearing experience.
Process parameter optimization
In order to optimize the application effect of the 9727 catalyst in elastomers, the researchers adjusted the material formulation and production process. The results show that when the catalyst dosage is 0.3-0.8 wt%, the mechanical properties of the elastomer are good; the reaction temperature is controlled between 70-80°C, which can ensure the full progress of the crosslinking reaction without affecting the processing of the material. Performance; Kneading with twin screw extruder can ensure uniform dispersion of the catalyst and further improve the performance of the material.
Comparison between 9727 type catalyst and other catalysts
In the process of polyurethane synthesis, there are many types of commonly used catalysts, mainly including tertiary amines, organic tin, organic bismuth, etc. Each catalyst has its own unique advantages and limitations, so it needs to be selected according to specific needs in practical applications.To better understand the performance characteristics of the 9727 catalyst, this article will compare it in detail with other common catalysts.
1. Tertiary amine catalysts
Term amine catalysts are one of the catalysts that have been used in polyurethane synthesis early, with high catalytic activity and low cost. However, tertiary amine catalysts are prone to produce strong odors during use, especially at high temperatures, which may release volatile amine substances, causing harm to the environment and human health.
| parameters | 9727 Catalyst | Term amine catalysts |
|---|---|---|
| Odor intensity | Low | High |
| Thermal Stability | Stable below 150°C | Easy to decompose above 120°C |
| Active temperature range | 40-80°C | 60-100°C |
| VOC emissions | Low | High |
| Cost | Medium | Low |
It can be seen from the table that the 9727 catalyst is significantly better than the tertiary amine catalyst in terms of odor intensity, thermal stability and VOC emissions, and is especially suitable for application scenarios with high odor and environmental protection requirements.
2. Organotin catalyst
Organotin catalysts are one of the widely used polyurethane catalysts, with high catalytic activity and good selectivity. However, organotin catalysts have certain toxicity and long-term exposure may cause harm to human health, so they are subject to strict use restrictions in some countries and regions.
| parameters | 9727 Catalyst | Organotin catalyst |
|---|---|---|
| Toxicity | Low | Medium |
| Odor intensity | Low | Medium |
| Thermal Stability | Stable below 150°C | Stable below 180°C |
| Active temperature range | 40-80°C | 60-100°C |
| Cost | Medium | High |
It can be seen from the table that the 9727 catalyst is better than the organotin catalyst in terms of toxicity and odor intensity, and is relatively low in cost, so it has more advantages in terms of environmental protection and economics.
3. Organic bismuth catalyst
Organic bismuth catalysts have gradually attracted attention in recent years, with low toxicity and good catalytic properties. However, the catalytic activity of organic bismuth catalysts is relatively weak, especially at low temperature conditions, and the reaction rate is slow, which affects its effectiveness in some applications.
| parameters | 9727 Catalyst | Organic bismuth catalyst |
|---|---|---|
| Toxicity | Low | Low |
| Odor intensity | Low | Low |
| Thermal Stability | Stable below 150°C | Stable below 150°C |
| Active temperature range | 40-80°C | 60-100°C |
| Cost | Medium | High |
It can be seen from the table that the 9727 catalyst is better than the organic bismuth catalyst in terms of catalytic activity and active temperature ranges, and can maintain efficient catalytic performance over a wider temperature range, so it is more suitable for the reaction rate There are high-demand application scenarios.
The market prospects and development trends of 9727 catalysts
With the increasing global environmental awareness and the increasing demand for low-odor and high-performance polyurethane products from consumers, the 9727 catalyst has gradually become an important choice in the polyurethane industry with its excellent catalytic performance and low-odor characteristics. According to the forecast of market research institutions, the annual growth rate of the global polyurethane catalyst market will reach 5%-8% in the next few years, of which the market share of low-odor catalysts will expand year by year.
1. Market demand growth
In traditional applications such as construction, automobiles, and furniture, the demand for low-odor polyurethane products is growing rapidly.Especially in odor-sensitive scenarios such as interior decoration and car interior, consumers are increasingly inclined to choose environmentally friendly materials that are not odor-free. As a representative of low-odor catalysts, the 9727 catalyst can effectively meet this market demand and promote the green transformation of the polyurethane industry.
2. Promote technological innovation
With the advancement of technology, the research and development of polyurethane catalysts is also constantly making new breakthroughs. Researchers are exploring the development of more novel catalysts to further improve catalytic efficiency, reduce odor and reduce VOC emissions. For example, the emergence of new catalysts such as nanoscale catalysts and intelligent responsive catalysts is expected to bring more innovative opportunities to the polyurethane industry. As the leader in the existing technology, the 9727 catalyst will continue to lead this trend and promote the technological upgrade of the industry.
3. Policy and regulations support
In recent years, governments of various countries have issued a series of environmental protection policies and regulations to strictly limit VOC emissions and promote enterprises to adopt more environmentally friendly production processes. Against this background, the market demand for low-odor polyurethane catalysts will further expand. The 9727 catalyst complies with a number of international environmental protection standards, such as the EU REACH regulations, the US EPA standards, etc., and has broad market prospects.
4. International cooperation and competition
In the context of globalization, international cooperation and competition in the polyurethane catalyst industry are becoming increasingly fierce. Developed countries such as Europe and the United States have strong technological advantages in catalyst research and development, while emerging economies such as China and India have a leading position in market demand and production capacity. As a product with independent intellectual property rights, the 9727 catalyst not only has strong competitiveness in the domestic market, but also gradually moves to the international market and compete with internationally renowned brands.
Conclusion and Outlook
To sum up, the 9727 polyurethane catalyst has shown wide application prospects in polyurethane synthesis due to its unique chemical structure, excellent catalytic properties and low odor characteristics. Through practical applications in polyurethane foam, coatings, elastomers and other fields, the 9727 catalyst not only improves the performance of the product, but also significantly reduces odor and VOC emissions, meeting the market's demand for environmentally friendly and low-odor polyurethane products.
Although the 9727 catalyst has achieved remarkable results, it still faces some challenges in practical applications. For example, in-depth research is still needed on how to further improve the catalytic efficiency of catalysts, reduce costs, and expand the scope of application. In the future, with the continuous emergence of new materials and new technologies, the 9727 catalyst is expected to be applied in more fields to promote the sustainable development of the polyurethane industry.
Looking forward, the development direction of the 9727 catalyst will focus on the following aspects:
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Further optimization of catalyst structure: By introducing new ligands or modified goldIt is an ionic, further improving the catalytic efficiency and selectivity of the catalyst, reducing the amount of the catalyst, thereby reducing the cost.
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Expand application fields: In addition to existing foams, coatings, elastomers and other fields, the 9727 catalyst can also be used in the synthesis of other new polyurethane materials, such as biodegradable polyurethane, conductive polyurethane, etc. , broaden its application scope.
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Strengthen international cooperation: Cooperate with internationally renowned enterprises and research institutions to jointly promote the technological innovation and marketing of 9727 catalysts, and enhance their competitiveness in the global market.
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Promote green manufacturing: In combination with the concept of green chemistry, develop more environmentally friendly and efficient polyurethane catalysts to reduce the impact on the environment and help achieve the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality.
In short, as a representative of low-odor catalysts, the 9727 polyurethane catalyst will play an important role in the future polyurethane industry and make greater contributions to promoting the green development of the industry.
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