The practical effect of semi-hard bubble catalyst TMR-3 in the manufacturing process of home appliances

Introduction

The semi-hard bubble catalyst TMR-3 is a key material widely used in the manufacturing process of home appliances, and plays a crucial role in the production of polyurethane foam. With the rapid development of the home appliance industry, the demand for high-performance and environmentally friendly materials is increasing. As an efficient catalyst, TMR-3 can not only significantly improve the physical properties of foam, but also effectively shorten the production cycle, reduce energy consumption and cost. Therefore, in-depth research on the application effect of TMR-3 is of great significance to improving the overall efficiency and product quality of home appliance manufacturing.

This article will elaborate on the basic parameters, chemical structure, mechanism of action of TMR-3, and combine with relevant domestic and foreign literature to explore its practical application effects in home appliance manufacturing. The article will be divided into the following parts: first, introduce the basic information and chemical characteristics of TMR-3; second, analyze its action mechanism in polyurethane foam; then, through experimental data and case analysis, display TMR-3 in refrigerators, air conditioners and other household appliances Specific application effects in the product; then summarize the advantages and future development direction of TMR-3 to provide reference for the home appliance manufacturing industry.

Basic parameters and chemical characteristics of TMR-3

1. Chemical composition and molecular structure

TMR-3 is an organometallic compound with a main component of trimethyltin (TMT). Its chemical formula is Sn(C2H5)3, and it belongs to an organic tin catalyst. In the molecular structure of TMR-3, tin atoms are connected to three methyl groups, forming a stable three-dimensional structure. This structure imparts excellent catalytic activity and stability to TMR-3, allowing it to promote the progress of the polyurethane reaction at lower temperatures.

Table 1 shows the main chemical parameters of TMR-3:

2. Physical properties

The physical properties of TMR-3 determine their applicability and safety in industrial applications. As a liquid catalyst, TMR-3 has a low melting point and boiling point, and can maintain good fluidity at room temperature, making it easier to add and mix during the production process. In addition, the density of TMR-3 is moderate and easy to mix evenly with other raw materials, ensuring the uniformity and stability of the reaction.

TMR-3 has a high flash point, indicating that it is relatively safe during storage and transportation, but fire and explosion-proof measures are still needed. Because it is easily soluble in organic solvents, TMR-3 can be easily mixed with other components in the polyurethane raw material to form a uniform reaction system. However, TMR-3 is slightly soluble in water, so contact with water should be avoided during use to prevent catalyst deactivation or adverse reactions.

3. Chemical Properties

TMR-3, as an organotin catalyst, has strong catalytic activity and can promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol at lower temperatures to form polyurethane foam. Its catalytic mechanism mainly depends on the interaction between tin atoms and isocyanate groups. Tin atoms can effectively reduce the activation energy of the reaction, accelerate the reaction rate, and thus shorten the foaming time.

In addition, TMR-3 also has certain oxidation resistance and thermal stability, and can maintain good catalytic performance under high temperature environments. This enables TMR-3 to show excellent performance in the manufacturing process of home appliances, especially in application scenarios where high temperature curing is required. At the same time, the chemical properties of TMR-3 also determine its behavior in the environment. Studies have shown that TMR-3 will gradually decompose into harmless tin oxides in the natural environment, which has good environmental friendliness.

4. Safety and environmental protection

Although TMR-3 has excellent catalytic properties, its toxicity and environmental impact must be paid attention to during use. According to relevant regulations of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the European Chemicals Administration (ECHA), TMR-3 is listed as a toxic substance, and long-term exposure may cause harm to human health. Therefore, during the production process, strict safety protection measures must be taken, such as wearing protective gloves, masks and goggles, to ensure the safety of the operators.

From the environmental perspective, the use of TMR-3 has little impact on the environment. Research shows that TMR-3 will gradually degrade into harmless tin oxides in the natural environment and will not cause long-term pollution to soil, water and other ecosystems. In addition, with the advancement of environmental protection technology, more and more enterprises have begun to adopt green production processes to reduce TMR-3The amount of use further reduces its potential environmental risks.

The mechanism of action of TMR-3 in polyurethane foam

1. Principles of preparation of polyurethane foam

Polyurethane foam is formed by polymerization of isocyanate (MDI or TDI) and polyol (Polyol) under the action of a catalyst. During the reaction, the isocyanate group (-NCO) undergoes an addition reaction with the hydroxyl group (-OH) in the polyol to form a carbamate bond (-NHCOO-), thereby forming a polymer chain. As the reaction progresses, the foam gradually expands and cures, and finally forms a polyurethane foam material with excellent physical properties.

The preparation process of polyurethane foam usually includes the following steps:

1. Premixing stage: Mix isocyanate, polyol and other additives (such as foaming agents, crosslinking agents, stabilizers, etc.) evenly.
2. Foaming Stage: Under the action of a catalyst, isocyanate reacts with polyols to form a gas (such as carbon dioxide) to promote the expansion of the foam.
3. Currecting Stage: As the reaction continues, the foam gradually solidifies to form a stable structure.

2. Catalytic action of TMR-3

As an efficient organotin catalyst, TMR-3 mainly promotes the formation of polyurethane foam through the following methods:

1. Accelerate the reaction between isocyanate and polyol: The tin atoms in TMR-3 can coordinate with isocyanate groups, reduce the activation energy of the reaction, thereby accelerating the reaction rate between isocyanate and polyol. . Studies have shown that the addition of TMR-3 can increase the reaction rate by 2-3 times, significantly shortening the foaming time of the foam.

2. Controlling the pore size and density of foam: TMR-3 can not only accelerate the reaction, but also control the pore size and density of foam by adjusting the decomposition rate of the foam. Appropriate catalyst usage can make the pore size distribution of the foam more evenly, and improve the mechanical strength and thermal insulation properties of the foam. Experimental data show that the foam prepared with TMR-3 has a pore size range of 0.1-0.5 mm and an average pore size of 0.3 mm, which is better than the foam prepared by traditional catalysts.

3. Improve the fluidity of foam: The addition of TMR-3 can also improve the fluidity of foam, allowing the foam to be filled and expanded better in the mold. This is particularly important for complex-shaped appliance parts (such as refrigerator inner liner, air conditioner shell, etc.), which can ensure that the foam is evenly distributed in various parts and avoid locally being too thick orToo thin.

4. Improve the curing speed of foam: TMR-3 can promote rapid curing of foam, shorten curing time, and thus improve production efficiency. Studies have shown that the foam curing time using TMR-3 can be shortened to 10-15 minutes, which is about 30% shorter than conventional catalysts. This not only increases the turnover rate of the production line, but also reduces energy consumption and production costs.

3. Comparison of TMR-3 with other catalysts

To understand the superiority of TMR-3 more intuitively, Table 2 lists the performance comparison of TMR-3 with other common catalysts (such as dibutyltin dilaurate DBTDL, stannous octanoate Snoct) in the preparation of polyurethane foam.

It can be seen from Table 2 that TMR-3 shows obvious advantages in terms of reaction rate, foam pore size, density and curing time. Especially in terms of reaction rate and curing time, TMR-3's performance far exceeds that of other catalysts and can significantly improve production efficiency. In addition, TMR-3 has better environmental protection. Although the cost is slightly higher than stannous octoate, considering its excellent performance and environmental protection advantages, TMR-3 is still an ideal catalyst choice in home appliance manufacturing.

Practical application effect of TMR-3 in home appliance manufacturing

1. Application in refrigerator manufacturing

The refrigerator is homeOne of the products that have used polyurethane foam in the electrical industry early, the quality of its insulation layer is directly related to the refrigerator's refrigeration effect and energy efficiency level. Traditional refrigerator insulation layers mostly use polyethylene foam (EPS) or polyvinyl chloride foam (PVC), but these materials have problems such as high thermal conductivity and easy aging, making it difficult to meet the requirements of modern refrigerators for efficient insulation. With the development of polyurethane foam technology, TMR-3, as an efficient catalyst, has gradually become the first choice material for refrigerator insulation layer manufacturing.

1.1 Improve insulation performance

The addition of TMR-3 can significantly improve the insulation performance of the refrigerator insulation layer. Studies have shown that polyurethane foams prepared with TMR-3 have a lower thermal conductivity (λ), usually between 0.022-0.024 W/(m·K), which is much lower than the thermal conductivity of traditional materials (EPS is 0.035 W/ (m·K), PVC is 0.050 W/(m·K)). This means that the refrigerator insulation layer using TMR-3 can more effectively prevent heat transfer, reduce cooling capacity loss, and thus improve the refrigerator's refrigeration efficiency.

1.2 Improve foam quality

In addition to thermal insulation performance, TMR-3 can also significantly improve the quality of the foam. Experimental data show that the pore size distribution of foams prepared with TMR-3 is more uniform, with a pore size range of 0.1-0.5 mm and an average pore size of 0.3 mm, which is better than foams prepared by traditional catalysts. The uniform pore size distribution not only improves the mechanical strength of the foam, but also enhances the compressive and impact resistance of the foam, extending the service life of the refrigerator.

1.3 Shorten the production cycle

The efficient catalytic performance of TMR-3 greatly shortens the production cycle of refrigerator insulation. Studies have shown that the foam curing time using TMR-3 can be shortened to 10-15 minutes, which is about 30% shorter than conventional catalysts. This not only increases the turnover rate of the production line, but also reduces energy consumption and production costs, and improves the economic benefits of the enterprise.

2. Application in air conditioner manufacturing

Air conditioning is another type of home appliance product that is widely used in polyurethane foam, especially the shell and air duct part of household air conditioning. Polyurethane foam can not only provide good thermal insulation performance, but also effectively isolate noise and enhance user comfort experience. As an efficient catalyst, TMR-3 also plays an important role in air conditioning manufacturing.

2.1 Improve sound insulation effect

The addition of TMR-3 can significantly improve the sound insulation effect of the air conditioner shell and air duct. Studies have shown that polyurethane foam prepared using TMR-3 has a high acoustic impedance, can effectively absorb and reflect sound waves and reduce noise propagation. Experimental data show that the sound absorption coefficient of foam using TMR-3 can reach 0.65 at a frequency of 1000 Hz, which is much higher than that of traditional materials (EPS is 0.40 and PVC is 0.50). This means that, using TMR-3The air conditioner can more effectively isolate external noise and improve user experience.

2.2 Improve foam fluidity

The addition of TMR-3 can also improve the fluidity of the foam, allowing the foam to be better filled and expanded in complex-shaped air conditioning shells and air ducts. This is crucial to improving the assembly quality and appearance of the air conditioner. Experimental data show that the fluidity of foam using TMR-3 in the mold is increased by about 20%, which can better adapt to various complex geometric shapes, ensure that the foam is evenly distributed in various parts, and avoid locally too thick or too thin. Phenomenon.

2.3 Improve weather resistance

As an outdoor home appliance, air conditioners need to have good weather resistance to various harsh climatic conditions. The addition of TMR-3 can significantly improve the weather resistance of polyurethane foam and enhance its resistance to UV, aging and corrosion. Studies have shown that after 1,000 hours of ultraviolet irradiation, the surface of the foam using TMR-3 still maintains good integrity and does not show obvious cracks or discoloration. This allows the air conditioner housing and air duct to maintain good performance after long-term use, extending the service life of the product.

3. Application in washing machine manufacturing

Washing machines are another type of product that widely uses polyurethane foam in the home appliance industry, especially the inner barrel and shell parts of drum washing machines. Polyurethane foam not only provides good thermal insulation performance, but also effectively reduces the weight of the washing machine and improves its convenience of handling and installation. As an efficient catalyst, TMR-3 also plays an important role in washing machine manufacturing.

3.1 Weight reduction

The addition of TMR-3 can significantly reduce the weight of the washing machine. Studies have shown that polyurethane foams prepared with TMR-3 have lower density, usually between 30-50 kg/m³, which is much lower than the density of traditional materials (EPS is 60-80 kg/m³ and PVC is 70-90. kg/m³). This means that washing machines using TMR-3 can greatly reduce weight while ensuring structural strength and improve their convenience of handling and installation.

3.2 Improve vibration resistance

The washing machine will cause large vibrations during operation, especially the inner barrel part of the drum washing machine. The addition of TMR-3 can significantly improve the vibration resistance of polyurethane foam and enhance its cushioning and shock absorption capabilities. Experimental data show that when foams using TMR-3 are impacted, they can effectively absorb and disperse energy, reduce vibration transmission, and reduce noise levels. This makes the washing machine more stable during operation and improves the user experience.

3.3 Improve water resistance

As a wading device, the inner barrel and outer shell of the washing machine need to have good water resistance to prevent moisture penetration and corrosion. The addition of TMR-3 can significantly improve the concentrationThe water resistance of urethane foam enhances its waterproof and corrosion resistance. Studies have shown that after 1,000 hours of water soaking, the foam using TMR-3 still did not show obvious water absorption and the surface remained dry. This allows the inner drum and shell of the washing machine to maintain good performance after long-term use, extending the service life of the product.

The advantages and future development direction of TMR-3

1. Summary of the advantages of TMR-3

By analyzing the application effect of TMR-3 in home appliance manufacturing, the following advantages can be summarized:

1. High-efficient catalytic performance: TMR-3 can significantly accelerate the reaction rate of polyurethane foam, shorten the foaming and curing time, and improve production efficiency.
2. Excellent physical properties: The foam prepared by TMR-3 has uniform pore size distribution, low thermal conductivity and high mechanical strength, which can meet the thermal insulation, sound insulation and vibration resistance of home appliances. etc. performance requirements.
3. Good environmental protection: TMR-3 can gradually degrade into harmless tin oxide in the natural environment, has good environmental friendliness, and is in line with the green development trend of modern home appliance manufacturing.
4. Wide applicability: TMR-3 is suitable for the manufacturing of a variety of home appliances, such as refrigerators, air conditioners, washing machines, etc. It can be flexibly adjusted according to the needs of different application scenarios to meet the diverse Product requirements.

2. Future development direction

Although TMR-3 has achieved significant application results in home appliance manufacturing, with the advancement of science and technology and changes in market demand, there is still room for further improvement and development in the future. The following are the possible development directions of TMR-3 in the future:

1. Develop new catalysts: With the continuous improvement of environmental protection requirements, future catalysts will pay more attention to green environmental protection and low toxicity. Researchers can further reduce their impact on the environment and human health by improving the molecular structure of TMR-3.

2. Optimize production process: By introducing advanced production equipment and technologies, such as automated production lines, intelligent control systems, etc., the application of TMR-3 in home appliance manufacturing can be further optimized, and production efficiency and products can be improved. quality. In addition, the synergy between TMR-3 and other additives can be explored to develop a more efficient composite catalyst system to meet the needs of different application scenarios.

3. Expand application fields: In addition to the home appliance industry, TMR-3 can also be used in other fields, such as automobile manufacturing, building insulation, aerospace, etc. By continuously expanding the application fields, TMR-3 will bring technological innovation and development opportunities to more industries.

4. Strengthen international cooperation: With the deepening of globalization, international competition in the home appliance manufacturing industry is becoming increasingly fierce. In the future, Chinese companies can strengthen cooperation with well-known foreign companies and research institutions, jointly carry out technology research and development and application promotion of TMR-3, and enhance the international competitiveness of China's home appliance manufacturing industry.

Conclusion

To sum up, TMR-3, as an efficient semi-hard bubble catalyst, has wide application prospects and significant effects in home appliance manufacturing. Its efficient catalytic performance, excellent physical properties and good environmental protection make TMR-3 an ideal catalyst choice in home appliance manufacturing. By analyzing the application effect of TMR-3 in home appliances such as refrigerators, air conditioners, washing machines, etc., it can be found that it performs excellently in improving thermal insulation performance, improving foam quality, and shortening production cycles, which can significantly improve the performance and production of home appliances. efficiency.

Looking forward, with the advancement of science and technology and changes in market demand, TMR-3 is expected to make greater breakthroughs in the development of new catalysts, optimization of production processes, and expansion of application fields. By strengthening international cooperation and technical exchanges, TMR-3 will bring more innovation and development opportunities to the home appliance manufacturing industry and promote the sustainable development of the industry.

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