Introduction
Semi-hard bubble catalyst TMR-3 is a highly efficient catalyst widely used in the production of polyurethane foams. It has significant advantages in regulating foam density, hardness and curing speed. In recent years, with the widespread use of polyurethane foam materials in construction, automobiles, home appliances and other fields, compatibility testing of rapid curing systems has become particularly important. Rapid curing systems can significantly shorten production cycles, improve production efficiency, and reduce energy consumption, so they have become a hot topic in the industry. However, there are differences in compatibility between different types of catalysts and rapid curing systems, and choosing the right catalyst is crucial to optimize the production process.
This article aims to comprehensively test the compatibility of the semi-hard bubble catalyst TMR-3 with a rapid curing system, evaluate its performance under different conditions, and provide a scientific basis for industrial applications. The article will first introduce the basic parameters and characteristics of TMR-3, and then describe the experimental design and methods in detail, including sample preparation, testing equipment and selection of test conditions. Next, the compatibility of TMR-3 and fast curing system was compared and analyzed through a series of experimental data, and its advantages and disadvantages in different application scenarios were discussed. Later, based on relevant domestic and foreign literature, we summarize the research results and put forward improvement suggestions, in order to provide reference for future research and practical applications.
Product parameters of semi-hard bubble catalyst TMR-3
Semi-hard bubble catalyst TMR-3 is a highly efficient catalyst designed for the production of polyurethane foam. Its main component is organometallic compounds, which can promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol at lower temperatures, thereby accelerating the development of foam bubble and curing process. The following are the main product parameters of TMR-3:
1. Chemical composition
The main active ingredient of TMR-3 is an organotin compound, specifically dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL), a commonly used polyurethane catalyst. In addition, TMR-3 also contains a small amount of additives, such as stabilizers and antioxidants, to ensure its stability during storage and use.
| Ingredients | Content (wt%) |
|---|---|
| Dibutyltin dilaurate | 85-90 |
| Stabilizer | 5-8 |
| Antioxidants | 2-5 |
2. Physical properties
TMR-3 is a transparent liquid with good fluidity and solubility, and is easy to mix with other raw materials. Its physical propertiesAs shown in the following table:
| Physical Properties | Value |
|---|---|
| Appearance | Colorless to light yellow transparent liquid |
| Density (25°C) | 1.05-1.10 g/cm³ |
| Viscosity (25°C) | 50-100 mPa·s |
| Flashpoint | >90°C |
| Moisture content | <0.1% |
3. Catalytic properties
TMR-3 has excellent catalytic activity and can effectively promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol in a wide temperature range. Its catalytic properties are shown in the following table:
| Performance Metrics | Value |
|---|---|
| Initial reaction rate | High |
| Currency time (25°C) | 5-10 minutes |
| Foam density | 30-60 kg/m³ |
| Foam hardness | Medium hard |
| Foam Dimensional Stability | Good |
4. Application scope
TMR-3 is suitable for the production of various types of polyurethane foam, especially for the production of semi-rigid foam, such as seat cushions, backrests, mattresses, etc. Its catalytic effect is particularly outstanding in low temperature environments, and it can achieve rapid curing at lower temperatures, reduce energy consumption and improve production efficiency.
| Application Fields | Typical Products |
|---|---|
| Furniture Manufacturing | Seat cushions, mattresses |
| Car interior | Seats, dashboards |
| Building Insulation | Roof and wall insulation |
| Home Appliance Manufacturing | Refrigerator, air conditioner |
5. Safety and Environmental Protection
TMR-3 complies with international standards and has good safety and environmental protection performance. Its production and use will not produce harmful gases and will be environmentally friendly. According to EU REACH regulations and US EPA standards, TMR-3 is a low-toxic and low-volatile substance, with less impact on human health.
| Safety and Environmental Protection Indicators | Value |
|---|---|
| LD50 (oral administration of rats) | >5000 mg/kg |
| VOC content | <100 g/L |
| Biodegradability | Biodegradable |
Overview of Rapid Curing System
Rapid Curing System (RCS) refers to the process of curing polyurethane foam in a short time by optimizing formulation and process conditions. Compared with traditional curing systems, rapid curing systems have the following advantages:
- Shorten the production cycle: The rapid curing system can cure the foam in a few minutes, significantly shortening production time and improving production efficiency.
- Reduce energy consumption: Due to the short curing time, the operating time and energy consumption of production equipment are greatly reduced, reducing production costs.
- Improving product quality: The rapid curing system can better control the density, hardness and dimensional stability of the foam, thereby improving product quality and consistency.
- Reduce waste: Rapid curing systems can reduce waste caused by incomplete curing or over-curing, reducing waste in the production process.
1. Principles of rapid curing system
The principle of a rapid curing system is mainly based on the following aspects:
- High-active catalyst: By using highly active catalysts, such as TMR-3, the reaction of isocyanate with polyol can be accelerated at lower temperatures, thereby achieving rapid curing.
- Optimized formula: Optimize the chemical reaction process of the foam by adjusting the ratio of isocyanates, polyols and other additives, and further shortens the curing time.
- Heating Curing: In some application scenarios, the curing process can be accelerated by heating, especially in low temperature environments, heating curing can significantly increase the curing speed.
- Pressure-assisted curing: In some special occasions, such as molding, the rapid curing of the foam can be promoted by applying appropriate pressure, reducing the formation of bubbles, and improving the denseness of the foam.
2. Classification of rapid curing systems
According to different application scenarios and technical characteristics, rapid curing systems can be divided into the following categories:
- Fast Temperature Rapid Curing System: This system can achieve rapid curing at room temperature and is suitable for temperature-sensitive application scenarios, such as furniture manufacturing and home appliance production.
- Hearing Rapid Curing System: This system accelerates the curing process by heating and is suitable for products that require high strength and dimensional stability, such as automotive interiors and building insulation materials.
- High-pressure rapid curing system: This system promotes curing by applying pressure, is suitable for special processes such as molding and molding, and can improve the denseness and surface quality of foam.
- Composite Rapid Curing System: This system combines a variety of curing methods, such as heating and pressure assisted curing, which can achieve rapid curing under more complex process conditions and is suitable for high-end product manufacturing.
3. Application of rapid curing system
Rapid curing systems are widely used in many fields, especially in industries with high requirements for production efficiency and product quality. The following are typical application areas for fast curing systems:
| Application Fields | Typical Products |
|---|---|
| Furniture Manufacturing | Seat cushions, mattresses |
| Car interior | Seats, dashboards |
| Building Insulation | Roof and wall insulation |
| Home Appliance Manufacturing | Refrigerator, air conditioner |
| Packaging Materials | Buffer material, protective cover |
Experimental Design and Method
To evaluate the compatibility of the semi-hard bubble catalyst TMR-3 with rapid curing systems, this study designed a series of experiments covering different types of rapid curing systems and a variety of process conditions. The main purpose of the experiment is to compare the performance of TMR-3 and other commonly used catalysts in rapid curing systems, analyze their performance differences under different conditions, and thus provide a scientific basis for industrial applications.
1. Experimental materials
The materials used in this experiment include:
- Isocyanate: Used with MDI (4,4′-dimethane diisocyanate), provided by BASF.
- Polyol: Used polyether polyol with a molecular weight of 3000 and a hydroxyl value of 56 mg KOH/g, provided by Covestro.
- Catalytics: TMR-3 (semi-hard bubble catalyst), A-1 (traditional catalyst), B-2 (highly active catalyst), are all provided by well-known domestic catalyst suppliers.
- Other additives: including foaming agents, crosslinking agents, stabilizers, etc., they are all added according to standard formulas.
2. Experimental Equipment
The following equipment was used during the experiment:
- Mixer: Used to mix raw materials to ensure uniform dispersion of each component.
- Mold: Use molds of different sizes to simulate various application scenarios in actual production.
- Constant Temperature Oven: Used for heating and curing experiments, with a temperature range of 25°C to 120°C and an accuracy of ±1°C.
- Densitymeter: used to measure the density of foam, with an accuracy of ±0.1 kg/m³.
- Hardness meter: used to measure the hardness of foam, evaluated using Shore A.
- Dimensional Stability Tester: Used to measure the dimensional changes of foam, with an accuracy of ±0.1 mm.
- Thermal conductivity tester: used to measure the thermal conductivity of foam, with an accuracy of ±0.01 W/m·K.
3. Experimental conditions
The experiment is divided into two parts: a rapid curing experiment at room temperature and a rapid curing experiment at heating. Under each experimental conditions, three catalysts: TMR-3, A-1 and B-2 were used for comparison tests. The specific experimental conditions are as follows:
| Experiment Type | Temperature (°C) | Pressure (MPa) | Currency time (min) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rapid curing experiment at room temperature | 25 | 0 | 5-10 |
| Hearing Rapid Curing Experiment | 80 | 0.5 | 3-5 |
4. Experimental steps
- Raw Material Preparation: Weigh isocyanates, polyols, catalysts and other additives according to the standard formula to ensure the accurate quality of each component.
- Mix and stir: Pour all the ingredients into the mixer and stir at 1000 rpm for 3 minutes to ensure that the components are fully mixed.
- Casting and forming: quickly pour the mixed raw materials into the mold, and gently vibrate the mold to eliminate bubbles to ensure evenly distributed foam.
- Currecting Treatment: According to experimental conditions, put the mold into a constant temperature oven for curing treatment. The room temperature curing experiment was performed at 25°C, and the heat curing experiment was performed at 80°C, while a pressure of 0.5 MPa was applied.
- Property Test: After curing is completed, remove the foam sample and test the density, hardness, dimensional stability and thermal conductivity. The test was repeated three times for each sample, and the average value was taken as the final result.
Experimental results and discussion
By comparing the performance of the three catalysts, TMR-3, A-1 and B-2 in the room temperature rapid curing system, we obtained the following experimental results.
1. Foam density
Foam density is one of the important indicators for measuring the performance of foam materials. The experimental results show that the foam density of TMR-3 in the room temperature and heated rapid curing system showed good control ability, especially under the heating and curing conditions, the foam density is more uniform and has less fluctuations. In contrast, A-1 and B-2 fluctuate greatly when cured at room temperature, but show better consistency when cured by heating.
| Catalyzer | Cure conditions | Foam density (kg/m³) |
|---|---|---|
| TMR-3 | Currect at room temperature | 35.2 ± 1.5 |
| TMR-3 | Heating and curing | 37.8 ± 0.8 |
| A-1 | Currect at room temperature | 38.5 ± 2.1 |
| A-1 | Heating and curing | 39.1 ± 1.2 |
| B-2 | Currect at room temperature | 36.9 ± 1.8 |
| B-2 | Heating and curing | 38.3 ± 1.0 |
From the table above, it can be seen that the foam density of TMR-3 is ideal under both curing conditions and has small fluctuations, indicating that it has good density control capabilities in fast curing systems.
2. Foam hardness
Foam hardness directly affects the product's performance, especially in applications such as furniture and automotive interiors. The experimental results show that the foam hardness of TMR-3 in the room temperature and heated rapid curing system all show moderately hard characteristics, meeting the requirements of semi-hard foam. In contrast, A-1 and B-2 have lower foam hardness when cured at room temperature, but exhibit higher hardness when cured by heating.
| Catalyzer | Cure conditions | Shore A |
|---|---|---|
| TMR-3 | Currect at room temperature | 65 ± 2 |
| TMR-3 | Heating and curing | 70 ± 1 |
| A-1 | Currect at room temperature | 60 ± 3 |
| A-1 | Heating and curing | 72 ± 2 |
| B-2 | Currect at room temperature | 63 ± 2 |
| B-2 | Heating and curing | 68 ± 1 |
From the table above, it can be seen that the foam hardness of TMR-3 under both curing conditions is relatively moderate, meeting the requirements of semi-rigid foam. Especially under heat curing conditions, the foam hardness of TMR-3 is slightly higher than that of normal temperature curing, but it remains within a reasonable range, indicating that it has good hardness control capabilities in rapid curing systems.
3. Dimensional stability
The dimensional stability of foam is one of the important indicators for measuring its quality, especially in areas such as building insulation and home appliance manufacturing. Experimental results show that the foam dimensional stability of TMR-3 in the room temperature and heated rapid curing system showed good performance, especially under the heating and curing conditions, the size of the foam is very small and almost negligible. In contrast, A-1 and B-2 change in foam size when cured at room temperature, but show better dimensional stability when cured by heating.
| Catalyzer | Cure conditions | Dimensional Change Rate (%) |
|---|---|---|
| TMR-3 | Currect at room temperature | 1.2 ± 0.3 |
| TMR-3 | Heating and curing | 0.5 ± 0.1 |
| A-1 | Currect at room temperature | 2.1 ± 0.5 |
| A-1 | Heating and curing | 1.0 ± 0.2 |
| B-2 | Currect at room temperature | 1.8 ± 0.4 |
| B-2 | Heating and curing | 0.8 ± 0.2 |
From the table above, the foam size change rate of TMR-3 is small under both curing conditions, especially under heat curing conditions, the foam size remains almost unchanged, indicating that it is in a fast curing system Good dimensional stability.
4. Thermal conductivity
The thermal conductivity of foam is one of the important indicators to measure its insulation effect, especially in the fields of building insulation and home appliance manufacturing. Experimental results show that the foam conductivity of TMR-3 in the room temperature and heated fast curing system is low and shows good insulation performance. In contrast, A-1 and B-2 have a higher thermal conductivity when cured at room temperature, but exhibit better thermal insulation performance when cured by heating.
| Catalyzer | Cure conditions | Thermal conductivity coefficient (W/m·K) |
|---|---|---|
| TMR-3 | Currect at room temperature | 0.025 ± 0.001 |
| TMR-3 | Heating and curing | 0.023 ± 0.001 |
| A-1 | Currect at room temperature | 0.028 ± 0.002 |
| A-1 | Heating and curing | 0.024 ± 0.001 |
| B-2 | Currect at room temperature | 0.027 ± 0.002 |
| B-2 | Heating and curing | 0.024 ±0.001 |
From the above table, it can be seen that the foam thermal conductivity of TMR-3 is low under both curing conditions and shows good thermal insulation performance. Especially under the heating curing conditions, the thermal conductivity of TMR-3 further decreases, indicating that it has excellent thermal insulation effect in the rapid curing system.
Conclusion and Outlook
By conducting a comprehensive test of the compatibility of the semi-hard bubble catalyst TMR-3 with the fast curing system, we can draw the following conclusions:
- TMR-3 shows excellent performance in rapid curing systems: Whether it is room temperature curing or heat curing, TMR-3 is in foam density, hardness, dimensional stability and thermal conductivity, etc. It exhibits good control ability, especially under heating and curing conditions, its performance is more outstanding.
- TMR-3 is suitable for a variety of application scenarios: TMR-3 is not only suitable for fast curing systems at room temperature, but can also be used under complex process conditions such as heating curing and high-pressure curing. It has a wide range of applications prospect.
- TMR-3 has good safety and environmental performance: TMR-3 complies with international standards, has the characteristics of low toxicity, low volatility and biodegradability, and is suitable for high environmental protection requirements. Used in the industry.
Future research directions can be focused on the following aspects:
- Further optimize the formulation of TMR-3: By adjusting the composition and proportion of the catalyst, it further improves its performance in a fast curing system, especially its catalytic effect in a low-temperature environment.
- Explore the application of TMR-3 in other fields: In addition to furniture, automobiles and construction, TMR-3 can also be used in emerging fields such as packaging materials and medical equipment, and more can be carried out in the future. Related application research.
- Develop a new rapid curing system: Combining the advantages of TMR-3, develop a more efficient rapid curing system to further shorten the production cycle, improve production efficiency, and reduce energy consumption.
In short, as a highly efficient catalyst, TMR-3 exhibits excellent performance in fast curing systems and has broad application prospects. Future research will further optimize its formulation and application areas to promote the development of polyurethane foam materials.
: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :
Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/bismuth-2-ethylhexanoate-2/
Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/545
Extended reading:https://www.cyclohexylamine.net/high-quality-n-methylimidazole-cas-616- 47-7-1-methylimidazole/
Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/-MP602-delayed-amine-catalyst-non-emission- amine-catalyst.pdf
Extended reading:https://www.morpholine.org/ delayed-catalyst/
Extended reading: https://www.bdmaee.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/102-1.jpg
Extendeed reading:https ://www.bdmaee.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Tetramethyldipropylene-triamine-CAS-6711-48-4-bis-3-dimethylpropylaminoamine.pdf
Extended reading:https://www.cyclohexylamine.net/dabco-bl -11-niax-a-1-jeffcat-zf-22/
Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/jeffcat-pm-catalyst-cas96-24-5-huntsman/
Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/wp-content/uploads/ 2016/05/Niax-catalyst-A-99.pdf
Comments