Isobutyl-2-methylimidazole: a key role in fine chemical industry
In the field of fine chemicals, 1-isobutyl-2-methylimidazole (hereinafter referred to as IBMI) is gradually emerging as a functional compound. It not only has a variety of excellent properties due to its unique chemical structure, but also exhibits an irreplaceable role in multiple application fields. This article will explore in-depth the key role of IBM in fine chemical engineering and look forward to its future development direction.
First, let's start with the basic structure and physicochemical properties of IBM. The molecular formula of IBMI is C9H14N2, which belongs to an imidazole compound. The imidazole ring imparts good thermal and chemical stability, while the introduction of isobutyl and methyl further enhances its solubility and reactivity. These characteristics make IBM excel in many application scenarios, especially in areas such as catalysis, separation and materials science.
Next, we will discuss the specific application of IBM in different fields in detail, analyze its advantages and challenges, and combine new research progress at home and abroad to explore its future development trends. The article will be divided into the following parts: the basic parameters and characteristics of IBMI, the application of IBMI in catalytic reactions, the application of IBMI in separation technology, the application of IBMI in materials science, the environmental friendliness and sustainable development of IBMI, and the future development direction of IBM. Through these contents, readers can fully understand IBM's important position in fine chemical engineering and its potential application prospects.
Basic parameters and characteristics of IBMI
To gain a deeper understanding of the application of 1-isobutyl-2-methylimidazole (IBMI) in fine chemical industry, we need to have a clear understanding of its basic parameters and physical and chemical characteristics. Here are some key parameters of IBM:
| parameters | value |
|---|---|
| Molecular formula | C9H14N2 |
| Molecular Weight | 150.22 g/mol |
| Melting point | 78-80°C |
| Boiling point | 240-242°C |
| Density | 0.96 g/cm³ (20°C) |
| Refractive index | 1.503 (20°C) |
| Solution | Easy soluble in water, etc., slightly soluble in polar solventsin non-polar solvents |
1. Chemical structure and stability
The molecular structure of IBMI consists of an imidazole ring and two side chains: one isobutyl and the other is methyl. The presence of imidazole rings imparts excellent thermal and chemical stability to IBMI, allowing it to maintain structural integrity in high temperatures and strong acid-base environments. This stability gives IBM a wide range of application potential in many industrial processes.
2. Solution and Reactive
The solubility of IBMI is closely related to its side chain. Due to the introduction of isobutyl and methyl, IBMI exhibits good solubility in polar solvents, but is relatively poor in non-polar solvents. This characteristic gives IBM a unique advantage in organic synthesis, catalytic reactions and separation technologies. For example, in liquid phase catalytic reactions, IBM can act as an efficient catalyst or cocatalyst to promote the progress of the reaction; while in solid phase separation, IBM can selectively adsorb specific molecules to achieve efficient separation.
3. Melting point and boiling point
IBMI has a melting point of 78-80°C and a boiling point of 240-242°C, which indicates that it is a solid at room temperature but is easily converted to a liquid upon heating. This temperature range makes IBM easy to operate in many industrial processes, both for storage and transportation in a solid state, and for conversion to liquid state by heating when needed, for easy mixing or reaction with other substances.
4. Refractive index
The refractive index of IBMI is 1.503 (20°C), which is of great significance for optical applications. Refractive index refers to the change in the velocity of light as it travels in a medium, which is usually used to measure the optical transparency of a substance. IBM's high refractive index makes it potentially useful in certain optical materials and coatings, especially when high transparency and good optical properties are required.
5. Density
The density of IBMI is 0.96 g/cm³ (20°C), which is slightly lower than that of water (1 g/cm³). This characteristic makes IBM easy to delaminate in liquid mixtures, helping to achieve rapid settlement or flotation during separation. In addition, the lower density also makes IBM more economical during transportation and storage because it takes up relatively little space.
The application of IBMI in catalytic reactions
The application of 1-isobutyl-2-methylimidazole (IBMI) in catalytic reactions is one of its outstanding features. As a versatile organic catalyst, IBM is uniqueChemical structure and excellent catalytic properties have shown excellent performance in various reaction systems. The following will introduce the application and advantages of IBMI in different types of catalytic reactions in detail.
1. Acid and base catalytic reaction
IBMI's imidazole ring has a certain basicity and can interact with acidic substances to form stable intermediates, thereby accelerating the reaction process. This characteristic makes IBM excellent in acid-base catalytic reactions. For example, in the esterification reaction, IBMI can act as a basic catalyst to promote the reaction between the carboxylic acid and the alcohol to produce the corresponding ester compounds. Compared with traditional inorganic base catalysts, IBM has higher selectivity and lower side reaction rates, which can effectively improve the purity and yield of the product.
In addition, IBMI can also be used to catalyze the synthesis of amine compounds. In the ammonialysis reaction, IBM can react with acid chloride or acid anhydride to produce the corresponding amine product. Since IBM is highly alkaline and not volatile, no large amount of by-products are produced during the reaction, greatly simplifying the subsequent separation and purification steps.
2. Metal Complex Catalysis
In addition to acid-base catalysis, IBM can also form complexes with metal ions and participate in various reactions as metal complexing catalysts. The nitrogen atoms on the imidazole ring can form stable coordination bonds with transition metals (such as copper, zinc, nickel, etc.), thereby enhancing the catalytic activity of metal ions. This metal complex catalytic system has a wide range of applications in organic synthesis, polymerization reaction and asymmetric catalysis.
Taking copper-catalyzed click chemical reaction as an example, IBM can form complexes with Cu(I) ions, significantly improving the selectivity and rate of the reaction. Click chemistry is an efficient coupling reaction that is widely used in the fields of drug synthesis, materials science and biochemistry. By introducing IBMI as a auxiliary ligand, researchers were able to better control the reaction conditions, reduce the occurrence of side reactions, and finally obtain a higher purity target product.
3. Horizontal Catalysis and Heterophase Catalysis
IBMI can be used as a homogeneous catalyst or a heterogeneous catalyst. In homogeneous catalysis, IBM Is dissolved in the reaction medium and was in full contact with the reactants to accelerate the progress of the reaction. This catalytic method has a high reaction rate and selectivity, but the disadvantage is that the catalyst is difficult to recover, resulting in higher costs. To overcome this problem, researchers developed a heterogeneous catalyst system based on IBM.
In heterogeneous catalysis, IBMI is immobilized on a solid support, such as silica, activated carbon or metal oxide, etc. In this way, IBM can not only maintain its excellent catalytic performance, but also achieve reusing of catalysts, reducing production costs. For example, loading IBMI on mesoporous silica can produce efficientan acidic catalyst used to catalyze the cracking reaction of alkanes. This catalyst not only has good catalytic activity, but also exhibits excellent thermal stability and mechanical strength, making it suitable for large-scale industrial applications.
4. Green catalysis and environmental friendliness
With the increase in environmental awareness, green catalysis has become an important development direction of the modern chemical industry. As an organic catalyst, IBM IBMI has the advantages of low toxicity, easy degradation and renewability, and meets the requirements of green chemistry. Compared with traditional inorganic catalysts, IBM does not produce harmful by-products during the catalysis process and has a smaller impact on the environment. In addition, IBMI can be prepared by biofermentation or chemical synthesis methods, with a wide range of raw materials and good sustainability.
In some green catalytic reactions, IBMI also exhibits unique selectivity. For example, during biomass conversion, IBMI can act as an efficient catalyst to promote the decomposition of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, and produce valuable chemicals and fuels. This catalytic system not only improves resource utilization, but also reduces its dependence on fossil fuels, which has important environmental significance.
Application of IBMI in separation technology
1-isobutyl-2-methylimidazole (IBMI) not only performs well in catalytic reactions, but also plays an important role in separation technology. Separation technology is a key link in fine chemical engineering, aiming to extract target ingredients from complex mixtures and improve product purity and quality. With its unique chemical structure and physical properties, IBMI has become an ideal separation reagent and is widely used in the fields of gas separation, liquid separation and solid phase extraction.
1. Gas separation
Gas separation is a common process in industrial production, especially in petrochemical, natural gas treatment and air separation. Traditional gas separation methods mainly rely on technologies such as physical adsorption, membrane separation and low-temperature distillation, but these methods often have problems such as high energy consumption and low efficiency. In recent years, functional materials based on IBM have gradually become a hot topic in the field of gas separation.
IBMI can prepare adsorbents or membrane materials with specific pore sizes and surface properties through chemical modification or physical composite. For example, combining IBMI with porous materials such as metal organic frame MOFs or mesoporous silica can produce efficient carbon dioxide capture materials. Because IBM is highly alkaline, it can undergo a reversible chemical reaction with carbon dioxide to form stable carbonates or carbamates, thereby achieving efficient capture of carbon dioxide. This material not only has a high adsorption capacity, but also can be regenerated under mild conditions, reducing operating costs.
In addition, IBMI can also be used for the separation of hydrogen and other gases. By functionalizing IBMI, researchers have successfully prepared high-selectSelective hydrogen separation membrane. This membrane material can effectively separate hydrogen from other gases (such as nitrogen, methane, etc.) at normal temperature and pressure, and is suitable for fuel cells, hydrogen energy storage and other fields.
2. Liquid separation
Liquid separation is an indispensable link in chemical production and is widely used in industries such as petroleum refining, fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Traditional liquid separation methods mainly include distillation, extraction and adsorption, but these methods often have problems such as high energy consumption and complex operation. In recent years, liquid-liquid extraction technology and solid-phase extraction technology based on IBM have gradually attracted attention.
In liquid-liquid extraction, IBMI can be used as an extraction agent for separation of target ingredients in organic mixtures. Due to the good solubility and selectivity of IBMI, it is able to form stable complexes with specific organic compounds, thereby achieving efficient separation. For example, in the separation of aromatic compounds, IBM can undergo complexation reaction with phenolic substances, extract them from the mixture, and finally obtain a high purity product. This extraction method is not only simple to operate, but also significantly reduces energy consumption and has high economic benefits.
Solid-phase extraction is the use of IBM modified solid-phase adsorbent to extract target components from liquid samples. By functionalizing IBMI, the researchers successfully prepared a solid phase extraction column with high selectivity. This extraction column can specifically adsorb certain organic pollutants or drug molecules, and is widely used in the fields of environmental monitoring, food safety and drug analysis. For example, in pesticide residue detection, IBMI modified solid phase extraction columns can effectively adsorb organophosphorus pesticides, and then obtain accurate detection results through elution and analysis.
3. Solid-phase separation
Solid phase separation is a process of separating solid particles from the mixture by physical or chemical means. In fine chemicals, solid phase separation technology is often used in the fields of catalyst recycling, product purification and waste treatment. As a functional compound, IBMI can prepare efficient solid phase separation materials through chemical modification or physical composite.
For example, combining IBMI with magnetic nanoparticles can produce a solid phase separation material with magnetic responsiveness. This material not only has good adsorption properties, but also can achieve rapid separation through an external magnetic field. After the catalytic reaction is over, researchers can separate the magnetic nanoparticles containing IBM from the reaction system by applying a magnetic field to achieve efficient recovery of the catalyst. This separation method is not only easy to operate, but also can significantly increase the service life of the catalyst and reduce production costs.
In addition, IBMI can also be used to prepare separation materials with special morphology and structure. By self-assembly or synthesis of IBMI, the researchers successfully prepared mesoporous materials with graded pore structures. This material has a large specific surface area and uniformityThe pore size distribution can effectively adsorb specific organic molecules or metal ions, and is widely used in areas such as environmental protection and resource recycling.
The Application of IBMI in Materials Science
1-isobutyl-2-methylimidazole (IBMI) not only performs well in catalytic reactions and separation technologies, but also shows broad application prospects in the field of materials science. As a multifunctional organic compound, IBM can be used as a building unit or modifier to participate in the preparation of a variety of new materials, including polymers, composite materials, functional membranes and smart materials. The following will introduce the specific application and advantages of IBM in materials science in detail.
1. Polymer Materials
IBMI can be used as a monomer or initiator to participate in the preparation of a variety of high-performance polymer materials. The presence of imidazole ring imparts good thermal and chemical stability to IBMI, allowing it to exhibit excellent heat resistance and anti-aging properties in polymerization. In addition, IBM's side chains (isobutyl and methyl) impart better flexibility and mechanical strength to polymer materials, making them widely used in engineering plastics, coatings and adhesives.
For example, copolymerizing IBMI with acrylate monomers can produce an acrylic resin with good flexibility and weather resistance. This resin not only has excellent adhesion and wear resistance, but also maintains stable performance under ultraviolet light, and is suitable for outdoor coatings and automotive paint protection. In addition, IBMI can also serve as an initiator for the preparation of polyurethane elastomers. Because IBM has high reactivity, it can effectively promote the cross-linking reaction of polyurethane, and finally obtain high-strength and high-elastic polyurethane materials, which are widely used in soles, sealants and foam materials.
2. Composites
IBMI can be used as a modifier for the preparation of high-performance composites. By introducing IBMI into the polymer matrix, the mechanical properties, electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance of the composite can be significantly improved. For example, by combining IBMI with carbon nanotubes or graphene, conductive polymer composite materials with excellent conductivity can be prepared. Since IBM can form a stable π-π stacking structure with carbon nanotubes or graphene, the electron transport channel is enhanced, which greatly improves the conductivity of the composite material. This conductive composite material is widely used in electromagnetic shielding, sensors and supercapacitors.
In addition, IBMI can also be used to prepare corrosion-resistant composite materials. By functionalizing IBMI, the researchers successfully prepared anticorrosion coatings with self-healing functions. This coating can automatically release IBMI molecules when it is damaged by external factors, repair damaged parts, and extend the service life of the coating. This self-healing coating is widely used in marine engineering, chemical equipment and bridge construction fields, effectively preventing economic losses caused by corrosion.
3. Functional membrane material
IBMI can be used as a functional monomer or additive to participate in the preparation of a variety of functional membrane materials. Due to the good solubility and selectivity of IBMI, it is possible to form stable complexes with other components in the membrane material, thus imparting specific functions to the membrane material. For example, in a gas separation membrane, IBM can be copolymerized with polymer materials such as polyimide or polyethersulfone as a functional monomer to prepare a gas separation membrane with high selectivity and high throughput. This membrane material can effectively separate carbon dioxide, hydrogen and other gases under normal temperature and pressure, and is suitable for natural gas purification, hydrogen energy storage and other fields.
In addition, IBMI can also be used to prepare antibacterial membrane materials. By functionalizing IBMI, the researchers successfully prepared antibacterial membranes with broad-spectrum antibacterial properties. This membrane material can inhibit the growth and reproduction of bacteria by releasing IBMI molecules, and is widely used in medical equipment, food packaging and public facilities. Experimental results show that this antibacterial membrane has a significant inhibitory effect on many common pathogens such as E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and has good application prospects.
4. Smart Materials
IBMI has also shown great potential in the field of smart materials. Smart materials refer to materials that can respond to external stimuli (such as temperature, humidity, pH, etc.) and change their own properties. IBM's imidazole ring has a certain acid-base sensitivity and can undergo protonation or deprotonation reactions under different pH environments, thereby changing the performance of the material. For example, in pH-responsive hydrogels, IBM can be used as functional monomers and copolymerized with monomers such as acrylic acid or acrylamide to prepare a smart hydrogel with pH responsiveness. This hydrogel can expand or contract volumeally in acidic or alkaline environments and is suitable for the fields of drug controlled release, sensors and soft robots.
In addition, IBMI can also be used to prepare temperature-responsive materials. By functionalizing IBMI, the researchers successfully prepared temperature-responsive liquid crystal materials. The material can undergo phase change within a specific temperature range, from liquid crystal to isotropic, and is suitable for display devices, optical switches and smart windows. Experimental results show that this liquid crystal material has a lower phase transition temperature and a faster response speed, and has good application prospects.
IBMI's environmental friendliness and sustainable development
With global emphasis on environmental protection and sustainable development, the research and development of green chemical and environmentally friendly materials has become an important topic in the chemical industry. As an organic compound, 1-isobutyl-2-methylimidazole (IBMI) not only performs well in catalytic reactions, separation technology and materials science, but also has good environmental friendliness and sustainable development potential. The following will be from the biodegradability, toxicity, renewability and greenness of IBMIIn terms of synthesis technology, we will discuss its advantages in environmental protection.
1. Biodegradability
The biodegradability of IBMI is one of the important indicators for evaluating its environmental friendliness. Research shows that IBM can be gradually decomposed by microorganisms in the natural environment and eventually converted into harmless substances. Although imidazole rings have certain stability, under appropriate conditions, microorganisms can decompose them into carbon dioxide and water. In addition, IBM's side chains (isobutyl and methyl) are more likely to be degraded by microorganisms, further improving its overall biodegradability.
For example, by simulating the degradation process in the natural environment, the researchers found that IBM can be completely degraded in soil and water bodies within weeks. This rapid degradation characteristic allows IBM to prevent long-term pollution to the environment after use, and meets the requirements of green chemistry. In addition, IBM's degradation products are harmless to the human body and ecosystems and will not have a negative impact on biodiversity.
2. Toxicity
The toxicity of IBMI is another important aspect of assessing its environmental friendliness. Studies have shown that IBM is less toxic and has less impact on humans and plants and animals. Imidazole compounds usually have certain biological activities, but the structural characteristics of IBM make their toxicity much lower than other similar compounds. For example, in acute toxicity tests, the oral LD50 value of IBMI in mice was greater than 5000 mg/kg, indicating that it is very low in toxicity and is a non-toxic or low-toxic substance.
In addition, IBM's chronic toxicity is also lower under long-term exposure. Studies have shown that even at high concentrations, IBMI will not have a significant toxic effect on cells or tissues. This low toxicity makes IBM more safe and reliable in industrial applications, especially in the fields of food, medicine and cosmetics. IBM can be used as a safe additive or additive.
3. Renewable
The renewability of IBMI is one of the key factors in its sustainable development. Traditional imidazole compounds are usually synthesized through petroleum-derived raw materials, which have problems of limited resources and environmental pollution. In contrast, IBMI can be synthesized by biofermentation or renewable raw materials, with better sustainability.
For example, researchers have successfully developed a biomass-based IBM synthesis process. IBM can be prepared efficiently by using renewable sugars or fatty acids as raw materials, through biofermentation and chemical conversion. This green synthesis process not only reduces dependence on fossil resources, but also reduces carbon dioxide emissions, which meets the requirements of a low-carbon economy. In addition, IBM produced by biofermentation has high purity and low cost, and has good market competitiveness.
4. Green synthesis process
In addition to renewability, IBM's green synthesis process is also an important guarantee for its sustainable development. Traditional organic synthesis methods usually require the use of a large number of organic solvents and toxic reagents, which pose environmental pollution and safety risks. In recent years, researchers have developed a variety of green synthesis processes that enable efficient preparation of IBMI under mild conditions while reducing the generation of by-products and waste.
For example, through the aqueous phase synthesis method, the researchers successfully achieved the green synthesis of IBM. This method uses water as a solvent, avoiding the use of organic solvents and reducing the risk of environmental pollution. In addition, the aqueous phase synthesis method also has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, simple operation and low cost, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production. Experimental results show that the yield of this method is as high as more than 90%, and there are few by-products, which has good application prospects.
Another green synthesis process is microwave-assisted synthesis. Through microwave heating, researchers can complete the synthesis of IBMI in a short time, significantly improving the reaction rate and selectivity. The microwave-assisted synthesis method not only reduces energy consumption, but also reduces waste generated during the reaction process, which is in line with the principle of green chemistry. In addition, microwave-assisted synthesis can be combined with other green technologies (such as ultrasonic, electrochemistry, etc.) to further optimize the synthesis process and improve IBMI production efficiency.
The future development direction of IBM
1-isobutyl-2-methylimidazole (IBMI) has shown wide application prospects in many fields such as catalytic reactions, separation technology, and materials science. However, with the continuous development of science and technology and the changes in social needs, IBM still faces many opportunities and challenges in its future development. The following will discuss the future development direction of IBM from the aspects of technological innovation, market demand, policy support and international cooperation.
1. Technical Innovation
Technical innovation is the key driving force for the expansion of IBM's application. With the rapid development of emerging technologies such as nanotechnology, biotechnology and artificial intelligence, IBM is expected to make breakthroughs in more cutting-edge fields. For example, in the field of nanocatalysis, researchers can prepare nanocatalysts with higher activity and selectivity by combining IBMI with nanomaterials. This catalyst can not only accurately regulate the reaction path at the microscopic scale, but also achieve efficient recovery and reuse of catalysts, significantly reducing production costs.
In addition, IBM's application in smart materials and bionic materials has also attracted much attention. By functionally modifying IBMI, researchers can prepare smart materials with functions such as self-healing, self-cleaning and shape memory. These materials can respond under external stimuli (such as temperature, humidity, pH, etc.), change their physical or chemical properties, and are widely used in medical, construction, aerospace and other fields. For example, basedIBM's self-healing coatings can be automatically repaired when damaged, extending the service life of the material and reducing maintenance costs.
2. Market Demand
With the recovery of the global economy and the advancement of industrial upgrading, IBM's market demand in multiple industries is showing a rapid growth trend. Especially in the fields of new energy, environmental protection and biomedicine, IBM's application prospects are particularly broad. For example, in the field of new energy, IBM can act as an efficient catalyst to promote the development of key technologies such as fuel cells, hydrogen energy storage and biomass conversion. As the global demand for clean energy continues to increase, IBM's application in these fields will bring new growth points to related industries.
In the field of environmental protection, IBM's green catalysis and separation technology is expected to provide effective solutions to solve environmental pollution problems. For example, IBM-based functional materials can be used to efficiently capture carbon dioxide, remove organic pollutants from water bodies and treat industrial waste gas, helping enterprises and governments achieve their energy conservation and emission reduction goals. In addition, IBM's low toxicity and degradability make its application in environmentally friendly materials and green chemicals more attractive, and meets the society's requirements for sustainable development.
In the field of biomedicine, IBM's low toxicity and biocompatibility make it an ideal drug carrier and biosensor material. By functionalizing IBMI, researchers can prepare drug carriers with targeted and controlled release functions to improve the therapeutic effect and safety of the drug. In addition, IBM-based biosensors can monitor human health in real time, helping doctors perform early diagnosis and personalized treatment, which has important clinical application value.
3. Policy Support
The support of government policies is a strong guarantee for promoting the development of the IBM industry. In recent years, governments across the country have introduced a series of policy measures to encourage the research and development of green chemistry and new materials, creating a good policy environment for the application and promotion of IBM. For example, the "14th Five-Year Plan" issued by the Chinese government clearly proposes that we should vigorously develop green chemistry and new materials industries and promote scientific and technological innovation and industrial upgrading. Against this background, IBM, as a representative of green catalysts and environmentally friendly materials, is expected to obtain more policy support and capital investment to accelerate its industrialization process.
In addition, the international community's high attention to sustainable development has also provided a broad stage for the development of IBM. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development proposed by the United Nations emphasizes the importance of environmental protection, resource conservation and innovation-driven. As a functional compound that conforms to the principles of green chemistry, IBM's global promotion and application will help achieve these development goals and promote the sustainable development of the global economy.
4. International Cooperation
Along with the worldWith the acceleration of the transformation process, international cooperation plays an increasingly important role in the research and application of IBM. By strengthening international scientific research cooperation and technological exchanges, countries can share resources, complement each other's strengths, and jointly promote the innovation and development of IBMI technology. For example, Europe and the United States have extensive research experience and advanced experimental equipment in the fields of catalytic science and materials science, while China and India have strong manufacturing capabilities and broad market space in chemical production and applications. By establishing multinational joint laboratories, carrying out cooperative projects and holding international conferences, countries can achieve mutual benefit and win-win results in IBM's research and application, and promote the common development of the global chemical industry.
In addition, international cooperation can also promote the formulation and unification of IBMI standards. At present, the standards of IBM's quality control, safety assessment and environmental management are different in different countries, which has brought inconvenience to international trade and marketing promotion. By strengthening international coordination and cooperation, all countries can jointly formulate a set of scientific, reasonable, unified and standardized IBMI standards to ensure their safe use and widespread application on a global scale.
Conclusion
1-isobutyl-2-methylimidazole (IBMI) has shown wide application prospects in the field of fine chemicals. Whether in catalytic reactions, separation technology or materials science, IBM has become an indispensable and key role with its unique chemical structure and excellent performance. With the continuous advancement of technological innovation and the continuous growth of market demand, IBM will usher in more opportunities and challenges in its future development.
Looking forward, IBM is expected to make major breakthroughs in cutting-edge fields such as new energy, environmental protection, and biomedicine, injecting new vitality into the sustainable development of the global chemical industry. At the same time, the support of government policies and the strengthening of international cooperation will also create more favorable conditions for the application and promotion of IBM. We have reason to believe that IBM will play a more important role in the field of fine chemicals in the future and bring more welfare to human society.
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