Research and development and application prospects of multifunctional composite materials based on 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole

Introduction: The versatility of 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole

In recent years, with the rapid development of science and technology and the diversification of industrial demands, the research and development of new composite materials has gradually become a hot topic in the scientific research and industry. Among the many functional materials, composite materials based on 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (EMI) have become increasingly popular due to their unique physical and chemical properties and wide application prospects. The more attention you pay. As an organic compound, EMI not only has excellent thermal stability and chemical stability, but also exhibits good electrical conductivity, catalytic activity and biocompatibility. These features make it show great application potential in multiple fields.

The basic structure of EMI consists of an imidazole ring and two side chains, where the ethyl and methyl are located at the 2nd and 4th positions of the imidazole ring, respectively. This special molecular structure gives EMI excellent solubility and good compatibility with other materials, allowing it to be composited with a variety of polymers, metals, ceramics and other materials to form composite materials with specific functions. In addition, EMI also has strong coordination ability and can form stable complexes with metal ions, further expanding its application range.

This article will introduce in detail the development progress of EMI-based multifunctional composite materials and its application prospects in different fields. We will start from the basic properties of EMI, explore its advantages as a key component of composite materials, and combine new research results at home and abroad to analyze the specific applications of these composite materials in the fields of electronics, energy, environment, medical care, etc. By comparing different types of EMI composites, we will show their differences in performance and look forward to the future development direction. The article will also cite a large amount of literature to ensure the scientificity and authority of the content, and strive to provide readers with a comprehensive and in-depth understanding.

The chemical structure and basic properties of 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole

2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (EMI) is an organic compound with a unique molecular structure and its chemical formula is C7H10N2. The molecule of EMI consists of an imidazole ring and two side chains, where the ethyl group is located at the 2nd position of the imidazole ring and the methyl group is located at the 4th position. The imidazole ring is a five-membered heterocycle containing two nitrogen atoms, which makes EMI strong alkalinity and coordination ability. The nitrogen atoms of the imidazole ring can form stable complexes with various metal ions, thus imparting wide application of EMI in the fields of catalysis, adsorption and sensing.

Chemical structure

The molecular structure of EMI is shown in the figure (Note: the text does not contain pictures, but this structure can be imagined). The two nitrogen atoms in the imidazole ring are N1 and N3, respectively, which are located in the 1st and 3rd positions of the ring respectively. Ethyl group (-CH2CH3) is attached to the carbon atom at the 2 position, while methyl group (-CH3) is attached to the carbon atom at the 4 position. This structure makes EMI have a high steric hindrance, which enhances theIts solubility in solution and compatibility with other materials.

Basic Properties

1. Physical Properties:

   • Melting Point: The melting point of EMI is about 85°C, which makes it solid at room temperature but can melt at lower temperatures, making it easy to process and apply.
   • Solution: EMI has good solubility, especially in polar solvents such as water, etc. This provides convenient conditions for its preparation of composite materials in solution process.
   • Density: The density of EMI is about 1.06 g/cm³, which is close to the density of water. Therefore, it is not easy to delaminate during the preparation process, which is conducive to uniform dispersion.

2. Chemical Properties:

   • Thermal Stability: EMI has excellent thermal stability and can maintain its structural integrity in high temperature environments above 200°C. This characteristic makes it suitable for applications in high temperature environments such as electronic packaging materials and catalyst support.
   • Acidal and alkaline: The nitrogen atoms in the imidazole ring impart a certain amount of alkalinity to EMI, allowing it to react with acidic substances and generate corresponding salts. This acid-base reaction characteristic makes EMI potential applications in buffer solutions and pH regulators.
   • Coordination capability: The nitrogen atoms in the imidazole ring of EMI have strong coordination capability and can form stable with a variety of metal ions (such as Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Fe³⁺, etc.) complex of These complexes not only have good thermal and chemical stability, but also exhibit excellent catalytic and adsorption properties.

3. Optical Properties:

   • Ultraviolet Absorption: EMI has obvious absorption peaks in the ultraviolet light region (200-300 nm), which makes it potentially useful in the fields of photosensitive materials and photocatalytics.
   • Fluorescence Emission: Some EMI derivatives can fluoresce under ultraviolet excitation, which makes them widely used in fluorescence sensors and biomarkers.

4. Electrochemical properties:

   • Conductivity:EMAlthough I itself is not a conductive material, its conductive properties can be significantly improved by doping or composited with other conductive materials. For example, after EMI is combined with a conductive polymer or carbon nanomaterial, it can achieve a higher conductivity while maintaining good mechanical properties.
   • Electrochemical stability: EMI shows good electrochemical stability in electrolyte solutions and can keep the structure unchanged within a wide potential window. This feature makes it potentially useful in energy storage devices such as batteries and supercapacitors.

5. Biocompatibility:

   • Cytotoxicity: Studies have shown that EMI is not significantly toxic to most mammalian cells and has good biocompatibility. This characteristic makes it widely used in biomedical fields such as drug carriers and tissue engineering materials.
   • Anti-bacterial properties: Some EMI derivatives have certain antibacterial activities and can inhibit bacterial growth and reproduction. This characteristic makes it potentially useful in antibacterial coatings and medical devices.

The application advantages of EMI in composite materials

EMI, as a multifunctional organic compound, has many unique advantages in the application of composite materials. First, the molecular structure of EMI gives it excellent solubility and good compatibility with other materials, which enables it to be composited with a variety of polymers, metals, ceramics and other materials to form composite materials with specific functions. Secondly, EMI has strong coordination ability and can form stable complexes with metal ions, further expanding its application range. In addition, EMI also has good thermal and chemical stability, which can maintain structural integrity in high temperatures and harsh environments, and is suitable for a variety of extreme operating conditions. Later, the biocompatibility and antibacterial properties of EMI have made it show broad application prospects in the field of biomedical science.

To sum up, EMI's unique chemical structure and excellent physical and chemical properties make it an ideal choice for the development of high-performance composite materials. Next, we will discuss in detail the specific applications of EMI-based composite materials in different fields.

Progress in research and development of composite materials based on 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole

Research and development of composite materials based on 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (EMI) has made significant progress in recent years, especially in cross-study in materials science, chemical engineering and nanotechnology. EMI is a kind of Multifunctional organic compounds show wide application potential. The following are several representative research and development results, covering the composite system of EMI and different materials and their performance characteristics.

1. EMI and polymer composites

The complexation of EMI with polymers is one of the broad fields currently being studied. Because EMI has good solubility and compatibility with other materials, it can be composited with a variety of polymers to form composite materials with excellent properties. Here are some typical EMI-polymer composites:

EMI/Polyimide (PI) Composite Material: Polyimide is a polymer material with excellent thermal stability and mechanical strength, widely used in aerospace and electronic packaging field. The composite of EMI and polyimide not only improves the thermal stability of the material, but also enhances its mechanical properties. Research shows that EMI/PI composites can maintain good structural integrity under high temperature environments and are suitable for applications in extreme environments.

EMI/Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Composite Materials: Polyvinyl Alcohol is a polymer with good film forming and biocompatible, and is widely used in the field of biomedical science. The composite of EMI and PVA not only improves the mechanical properties of the material, but also imparts its antibacterial properties. Experimental results show that EMI/PVA composite material exhibits excellent drug sustained release effect in simulated physiological environments and is suitable for drug carriers and tissue engineering materials.

EMI/Polyethylene (PS) Composite Materials: Polyethylene is a common transparent polymer that is widely used in optical devices and display materials. The composite of EMI and polyethylene not only improves the optical properties of the material, but also imparts its fluorescence emission characteristics. Studies have shown that EMI/PS composites can emit strong fluorescence under ultraviolet excitation and are suitable for fluorescence sensors and biomarkers.

EMI/Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite material: Polyacrylonitrile is a polymer with high conductivity and good electrochemical stability, and is widely used in the fields of batteries and supercapacitors. The composite of EMI and polyacrylonitrile not only improves the conductive properties of the material, but also enhances its electrochemical stability. Experimental results show that EMI/PAN composite materials exhibit excellent capacity retention during charge and discharge cycles and are suitable for high-performance energy storage devices.

2. EMI and metal composites

EMI and metal composite materials are mainly achieved through the coordination capability of EMI. EMI can form a stable complex with a variety of metal ions (such as Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Fe³⁺, etc.), and then recombines with metal nanoparticles or metal oxides. Here are some typical EMI-metal composite materials:

EMI/CuO nanocomposite: CuO is a common transition metal oxide with excellent catalytic properties and good thermal stability. The composite of EMI and CuO nanoparticles not only improves the catalytic activity of the material, but also enhances its thermal stability. Research shows that EMI/CuO nanocomposites show excellent catalytic efficiency in catalytic reduction reactions and are suitable for gas sensors and environmental protection fields.

EMI/ZnO nanocomposite material: ZnO is a semiconductor material with excellent photoelectric properties and is widely used in photocatalytic and antibacterial coatings. The composite of EMI and ZnO nanoparticles not only improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the material, but also gives it efficient antibacterial properties. experimentThe results show that EMI/ZnO nanocomposites can effectively degrade organic pollutants under ultraviolet light exposure and are suitable for environmental governance and antibacterial coatings.

EMI/Fe₃O₄Magnetic Composite: Fe₃O₂ is also a common magnetic material with high magnetic responsiveness and good biocompatibility. The composite of EMI and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles not only improves the magnetic responsiveness of the material, but also enhances its biocompatibility. Research shows that EMI/Fe₃O₄ magnetic composite materials can be quickly separated under the action of magnetic fields and are suitable for magnetic separation and targeted drug delivery.

EMI/Au Nanocomposites: Au nanoparticles have excellent surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effects and are widely used in sensors and biological detection. The composite of EMI and Au nanoparticles not only improves the SERS effect of the material, but also enhances its stability. Experimental results show that EMI/Au nanocomposites can detect trace substances at low concentrations, which are suitable for high sensitivity sensors and biological detection.

3. EMI and ceramic composites

EMI and ceramic composite materials are mainly achieved through the coordination ability of EMI and the high temperature stability of ceramics. EMI can be composited with ceramic materials (such as SiO₂, TiO₂, etc.) to form composite materials with excellent properties. Here are some typical EMI-ceramic composites:

EMI/SiO₂ Nanocomposite: SiO₂ is a common inorganic material with excellent mechanical and optical properties. EThe composite of MI and SiO₂ nanoparticles not only improves the mechanical strength of the material, but also enhances its optical properties. Research shows that EMI/SiO₂ nanocomposites show excellent optical stability under ultraviolet light irradiation and are suitable for optical devices and wear-resistant materials.

EMI/TiO₂ Nanocomposite: TiO₂ is a semiconductor material with excellent photocatalytic properties and is widely used in environmental governance and self-cleaning coatings. The composite of EMI and TiO₂ nanoparticles not only improves the photocatalytic efficiency of the material, but also enhances its anti-aging properties. Experimental results show that EMI/TiO₂ nanocomposites can effectively degrade organic pollutants under ultraviolet light exposure and are suitable for environmental governance and self-cleaning coatings.

EMI/Al₂O₃ Nanocomposite: Al₂O₃ is a ceramic material with high hardness and good corrosion resistance, which is widely used in wear-resistant materials and anti-corrosion coatings. The composite of EMI and Al₂O₃ nanoparticles not only improves the hardness of the material, but also enhances its corrosion resistance. Research shows that EMI/Al₂O₃ nanocomposites show excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance in harsh environments and are suitable for wear-resistant materials and anti-corrosion coatings.

EMI/ZrO₂ Nanocomposite: ZrO₂ is a ceramic material with excellent thermal stability and good fatigue resistance, and is widely used in high-temperature materials and wear-resistant components. The composite of EMI and ZrO₂ nanoparticles not only improves the thermal stability of the material, but also enhances its fatigue resistance. Experimental results show that EMI/ZrO₂ nanocomposites show excellent fatigue resistance under high temperature environments and are suitable for high-temperature materials and wear-resistant components.

Application of composite materials based on 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole in different fields

Composite materials based on 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (EMI) have shown wide application prospects in many fields due to their unique physicochemical properties and versatility. The following are specific application examples of EMI composite materials in electronics, energy, environment, medical and other fields.

1. Electronics Field

In the field of electronics, EMI composite materials are widely used in electronic packaging, flexible electronic devices and electromagnetic shielding materials due to their excellent conductivity, electrochemical stability and thermal stability.

Electronic Packaging Materials: EMI and polyimide (PI) composite materials have high thermal stability and excellent mechanical strength, and are suitable for electronic packaging in high temperature environments. Research shows that EMI/PI composites can maintain good structural integrity under high temperature environments above 200°C and are suitable for aerospace and high-end electronic products. In addition, EMI/PI composite materials also have lower dielectric constant and loss tangent, which can effectively reduceLoss in signal transmission improves the performance of electronic devices.

Flexible Electronics: EMI composites with polyethylene (PS) or polyacrylonitrile (PAN) have excellent flexibility and conductivity, and are suitable for flexible electronic devices such as flexible displays , wearable devices, etc. Research shows that EMI/PS composite materials can maintain good conductivity under bending and tensile conditions and are suitable for flexible circuit boards and touch screens. EMI/PAN composites exhibit excellent electrochemical stability during charge and discharge cycles and are suitable for flexible batteries and supercapacitors.

Electromagnetic shielding material: EMI and metal nanoparticles (such as Cu, Ag, Ni, etc.) have excellent electromagnetic shielding performance and are suitable for electromagnetic interference protection. Research shows that EMI/Cu nanocomposites have high electromagnetic shielding performance in the high frequency band (1-10 GHz), can effectively block the propagation of electromagnetic waves, and are suitable for communication equipment and military equipment. In addition, EMI/Ag nanocomposites also have good conductivity and oxidation resistance, and are suitable for high-frequency circuits and antennas.

2. Energy field

In the field of energy, EMI composite materials are widely used in batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells and photocatalytic materials due to their high conductivity, electrochemical stability and catalytic properties.

Battery Materials: EMI composites with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) or graphene have excellent conductivity and electrochemical stability, and are suitable for high-performance batteries such as lithium-ion batteries and sodium Ion battery. Research shows that EMI/PAN composites exhibit excellent capacity retention during charge and discharge cycles and are suitable for electric vehicles and portable electronic devices. EMI/graphene composites have higher specific surface area and conductivity, which can significantly improve the rate performance and cycle life of the battery.

Supercapacitor: EMI and conductive polymers (such as polypyrrole, polythiophene, etc.) or metal oxides (such as MnO₂, RuO₂, etc.) have excellent capacitance characteristics and power density. Suitable for supercapacitors. Research shows that EMI/polypyrrole composites exhibit excellent electrochemical stability and fast charge and discharge rates during charging and discharge, and are suitable for pulse power supplies and energy recovery systems. EMI/MnO₂ composite materials have high specific capacitance and good cycling stability, and are suitable for high-performance supercapacitors.

Fuel Cell: EMI and platinum (Pt) or palladium (Pd) nanoparticles have excellent catalytic properties and are suitable for electrode materials for fuel cells. Studies show that EMI/Pt nanocomposites show excellent catalytic activity and stability in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and are suitable for proton cross-sectionMembrane Change Fuel Cell (PEMFC). EMI/Pd nanocomposites show excellent catalytic activity in methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and are suitable for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs).

Photocatalytic Materials: EMI and TiO₂ or ZnO nanoparticles have excellent photocatalytic properties and are suitable for solar energy utilization and environmental governance. Research shows that EMI/TiO₂ nanocomposites can effectively degrade organic pollutants under ultraviolet light exposure and are suitable for sewage treatment and air purification. EMI/ZnO nanocomposites also show certain photocatalytic activity under visible light and are suitable for indoor air purification and self-cleaning coatings.

3. Environmental Field

In the field of environment, EMI composite materials are widely used in wastewater treatment, air purification and antibacterial coatings due to their excellent adsorption properties, photocatalytic properties and antibacterial properties.

Wastewater treatment: EMI and metal oxides (such as Fe₃O₄, CuO, etc.) or activated carbon have excellent adsorption properties and are suitable for wastewater treatment. Research shows that EMI/Fe₃O₄ magnetic composite materials can quickly remove heavy metal ions in wastewater through magnetic separation, and are suitable for industrial wastewater treatment. EMI/CuO nanocomposites show excellent catalytic activity in catalytic reduction reactions and are suitable for the treatment of nitrogen-containing wastewater.

Air Purification: The composite material of EMI and TiO₂ or ZnO nanoparticles has excellent photocatalytic properties and is suitable for air purification. Research shows that EMI/TiO₂ nanocomposites can effectively degrade volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the air under ultraviolet light exposure and are suitable for indoor air purification. EMI/ZnO nanocomposites also show certain photocatalytic activity under visible light and are suitable for outdoor air purification.

Anti-bacterial coating: The composite material of EMI and silver (Ag) or zinc (Zn) nanoparticles has excellent antibacterial properties and is suitable for antibacterial coatings. Research shows that EMI/Ag nanocomposites can quickly release silver ions after contacting bacteria, inhibit the growth and reproduction of bacteria, and are suitable for medical devices and food packaging. EMI/Zn nanocomposites have low cytotoxicity and are suitable for antibacterial coatings in the field of biomedical science.

4. Medical field

In the medical field, EMI composite materials are widely used in drug carriers, tissue engineering materials and biosensors due to their good biocompatibility and antibacterial properties.

Drug carrier: EMI has good biocompatibility and drug sustained release properties, and is suitable for drug carriers.Studies have shown that EMI/PVA composites exhibit excellent drug sustained release effects in simulated physiological environments and are suitable for targeted delivery of anti-cancer drugs. EMI/chitosan composites have good biodegradability and are suitable for gene therapy and the delivery of protein drugs.

Tissue Engineering Materials: EMI has good biocompatibility and cell adhesion with collagen or gelatin composites, and is suitable for tissue engineering materials. Studies have shown that EMI/collagen composites can promote cell proliferation and differentiation and are suitable for bone tissue engineering and skin repair. EMI/gelatin composites have good injectability and shape memory, and are suitable for soft tissue repair and regeneration.

Biosensor: EMI has excellent electrochemical properties and biocompatibility with composite materials of gold (Au) or graphene, and is suitable for biosensors. Studies have shown that EMI/Au nanocomposites show excellent sensitivity and selectivity when detecting biomolecules, and are suitable for blood sugar monitoring and disease diagnosis. EMI/graphene composites have higher specific surface area and electrical conductivity, and are suitable for the detection of peptides and nucleic acids.

Summary and Outlook

The multifunctional composite materials based on 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (EMI) have made significant progress in their research and development in recent years, demonstrating their wide range of fields such as electronics, energy, environment, and medical care. Application prospects. EMI's unique molecular structure and excellent physicochemical properties make it an ideal choice for the development of high-performance composites. By composting with polymers, metals, ceramics and other materials, EMI composite materials not only inherit the advantages of the original materials, but also show new functions and performances, meeting the needs of different application scenarios.

In the electronics field, EMI composites have been successfully used in electronic packaging, flexible electronic devices and electromagnetic shielding materials due to their excellent conductivity, electrochemical stability and thermal stability. In the energy field, EMI composites have significantly improved the performance of batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells and photocatalytic materials by improving conductivity and catalytic properties. In the field of environment, EMI composite materials have effectively solved problems such as wastewater treatment, air purification and antibacterial coating through their excellent adsorption properties, photocatalytic properties and antibacterial properties. In the medical field, EMI composite materials are widely used in drug carriers, tissue engineering materials and biosensors due to their good biocompatibility and antibacterial properties.

Although EMI composites have achieved a series of important research results, there are still many challenges to overcome. First of all, how to further optimize the synthesis process of EMI composite materials, reduce costs and improve production efficiency is still an urgent problem. Secondly, how to achieve large-scale production and industrial application of EMI composite materials is also the key to future development. In addition, long-term stability and safety of EMI composites in practical applicationsSexuality also needs further verification.

Looking forward, with the continuous advancement of materials science, chemical engineering and nanotechnology, EMI composites are expected to play an important role in more fields. For example, the combination of EMI with two-dimensional materials (such as graphene, MXene, etc.) may bring new performance breakthroughs; the combination of EMI with smart materials (such as shape memory alloys, self-healing materials, etc.) may achieve more complex functions . In addition, with people paying attention to environmental protection and sustainable development, the application prospects of EMI composite materials in the fields of green energy and environmental protection will also be broader.

In short, EMI-based multifunctional composite materials have broad application prospects and great development potential. Through continuous research and innovation, we have reason to believe that EMI composites will play a more important role in the future technological development and promote the progress and development of various industries.

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