N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine: Catalyst selection from a green chemical perspective
Introduction
In today's chemical industry, green chemistry has become an important research direction. Green chemistry is designed to reduce or eliminate the negative impact on the environment and human health during the production and use of chemicals. N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine (N,N-Dimethylcyclohexylamine, referred to as DMCHA) is an important organic compound and is widely used in catalysts, solvents and intermediates. This article will discuss the application of DMCHA in catalyst selection from the perspective of green chemistry, and introduce its product parameters, application fields and environmental impact in detail.
1. Basic properties of N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine
1.1 Chemical structure
N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine is a cyclic amine compound with its chemical structure as follows:
CH3
|
C6H11-N-CH3Where C6H11 represents cyclohexyl, N represents nitrogen atom, and CH3 represents methyl.
1.2 Physical Properties
| parameters | value |
|---|---|
| Molecular formula | C8H17N |
| Molecular Weight | 127.23 g/mol |
| Boiling point | 160-162°C |
| Melting point | -50°C |
| Density | 0.85 g/cm³ |
| Flashpoint | 40°C |
| Solution | Solved in water and organic solvents |
1.3 Chemical Properties
DMCHA is alkaline and can react with acid to form salts. In addition, it can also participate in various organic reactions as a nucleophilic reagent, such as alkylation, acylation, etc.
2. Catalyst selection from the perspective of green chemistry
2.1 Green Chemistry Principles
The 12 principles of green chemistry include:
- Prevent waste production
- Atomic Economy
- Reduce the use of hazardous substances
- Design safer chemicals
- Use safer solvents and reaction conditions
- Improving energy efficiency
- Use renewable raw materials
- Reduce the use of derivatives
- Using catalysts
- Designing degradable chemicals
- Real-time analysis to prevent contamination
- Reduce the risk of accidents
2.2 Advantages of DMCHA as a catalyst
DMCHA has the following advantages in catalyst selection:
- High efficiency: DMCHA, as a catalyst, can significantly improve the reaction rate and selectivity.
- Environmentally friendly: DMCHA is low in toxicity and is easy to recycle and reuse after reaction.
- Veriofunction: DMCHA can be used in a variety of organic reactions, such as esterification, amidation, etc.
2.3 Application Example
2.3.1 Esterification reaction
In the esterification reaction, DMCHA as a catalyst can significantly increase the reaction rate and product yield. For example, reaction with the formation of ethyl ester catalysis under DMCHA:
CH3COOH + C2H5OH → CH3COOC2H5 + H2O| Catalyzer | Reaction time (h) | Product yield (%) |
|---|---|---|
| DMCHA | 2 | 95 |
| Catalyzer-free | 6 | 60 |
2.3.2 Amidation reaction
DMCHA also exhibits excellent catalytic properties in the amidation reaction. For example, the reaction of benzoic acid and ammonia catalyzed by DMCHA:
C6H5COOH + NH3 → C6H5CONH2 + H2O| Catalyzer | Reaction time (h) | Product yield (%) |
|---|---|---|
| DMCHA | 3 | 90 |
| Catalyzer-free | 8 | 50 |
3. DMCHA product parameters
3.1 Industrial DMCHA
| parameters | value |
|---|---|
| Purity | ≥99% |
| Appearance | Colorless transparent liquid |
| Moisture | ≤0.1% |
| Acne | ≤0.1 mg KOH/g |
| Heavy Metal Content | ≤10 ppm |
3.2 Pharmaceutical-grade DMCHA
| parameters | value |
|---|---|
| Purity | ≥99.5% |
| Appearance | Colorless transparent liquid |
| Moisture | ≤0.05% |
| Acne | ≤0.05 mg KOH/g |
| Heavy Metal Content | ≤5 ppm |
4. Application areas of DMCHA
4.1 Chemical Industry
DMCHA is widely used in catalysts, solvents and intermediates in the chemical industry. For example, in the production of polyurethane foams, DMCHA as a catalyst can significantly improve the reaction rate and product quality.
4.2 Pharmaceutical Industry
In the pharmaceutical industry, DMCHA is used to synthesize a variety of drug intermediates. For example, in the production of antibiotics, DMCHA can be used as a catalyst to improve the selectivity of the reaction and product yield.
4.3Agriculture
In agriculture, DMCHA is used to synthesize pesticides and herbicides. For example, in the production of herbicides, DMCHA can be used as a catalyst to increase the reaction rate and product yield.
5. Environmental Impact of DMCHA
5.1 Toxicity
DMCHA is less toxic, but may still cause irritation to the skin and eyes at high concentrations. Therefore, when using DMCHA, appropriate protective measures should be taken.
5.2 Biodegradability
DMCHA is prone to biodegradation in the environment and does not have a long-term impact on the ecosystem.
5.3 Waste treatment
DMCHA is easy to recycle and reuse after reaction, reducing waste generation. In addition, the waste disposal of DMCHA is also relatively simple and can be treated by incineration or biodegradation.
6. Conclusion
N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine, as an important organic compound, has significant advantages in catalyst selection from the perspective of green chemistry. Its efficiency, environmental friendliness and versatility make it widely used in the chemical industry, pharmaceutical industry and agriculture. Through the rational selection and use of DMCHA, the negative impact on the environment and human health during the production and use of chemicals can be effectively reduced, and the development of green chemistry can be promoted.
Appendix
Appendix A: Synthesis method of DMCHA
DMCHA synthesis methods mainly include the following:
- Reaction of cyclohexylamine and formaldehyde: Cyclohexylamine and formaldehyde react under acidic conditions to form DMCHA.
- Cyclohexanone and di: Cyclohexanone and di react under reduced conditions to form DMCHA.
- Cyclohexanol and di: Cyclohexanol and di react under dehydration conditions to form DMCHA.
Appendix B: DMCHA's safety data sheet
| parameters | value |
|---|---|
| Flashpoint | 40°C |
| Spontaneous ignition temperature | 250°C |
| Explosion Limit | 1.1-7.0% |
| Toxicity | Low toxic |
| Protective Measures | Wear gloves and goggles |
Appendix C: Storage and Transport of DMCHA
| parameters | value |
|---|---|
| Storage temperature | 0-30°C |
| Storage container | Stainless steel or glass container |
| Transportation conditions | Avoid high temperatures and direct sunlight |
Through the above content, we have a comprehensive understanding of the catalyst selection and application of N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine from the perspective of green chemistry. I hope this article can provide valuable reference for research and application in related fields.
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