High-performance polyurethane foaming system based on post-ripening catalyst TAP
Introduction
Polyurethane (PU) is a polymer material widely used in the fields of construction, automobile, furniture, shoe materials, etc. Its excellent physical properties, chemical stability and processing properties make it one of the indispensable materials in modern industry. Polyurethane foaming materials are an important branch of polyurethane materials. They have the characteristics of lightweight, heat insulation, sound absorption, and buffering. They are widely used in thermal insulation materials, packaging materials, automotive interiors and other fields.
In the preparation of polyurethane foaming materials, the selection and use of catalysts have a crucial impact on the properties of the material. As a highly efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst, the post-matured catalyst TAP (Triethylenediamine-based Amine Polyol) has been widely used in high-performance polyurethane foaming systems in recent years. This article will introduce in detail the preparation process, product parameters, performance characteristics and application fields of high-performance polyurethane foaming system based on post-ripening catalyst TAP.
1. Basic principles of polyurethane foaming materials
1.1 Chemical reaction of polyurethane
The preparation of polyurethane mainly involves two chemical reactions: the addition reaction of isocyanate and polyol and the reaction of isocyanate and water. The former generates polyurethane chains, while the latter generates carbon dioxide gas to form a foam structure.
-
Reaction of isocyanate with polyol:
[
R-NCO + R’-OH rightarrow R-NH-COO-R’
]
This reaction forms polyurethane chains, which are the main structural unit of polyurethane materials. -
Reaction of isocyanate with water:
[
R-NCO + H_2O rightarrow R-NH_2 + CO_2
]
This reaction produces carbon dioxide gas, which is the key to the formation of bubbles in polyurethane foaming materials.
1.2 Foaming process
The preparation process of polyurethane foaming materials mainly includes the following steps:
- Raw material mixing: Mix raw materials such as polyols, isocyanates, catalysts, foaming agents, etc. in a certain proportion.
- Foaming reaction: The mixed raw materials react quickly under the action of a catalyst, forming polyurethane chains and releasing carbon dioxide gas to form a foam structure.
- Mature: The foamed material is matured under certain conditions to make its physical properties reach a stable state.
2. Characteristics of post-ripening catalyst TAP
2.1 Basic properties of TAP
Post-ripening catalyst TAP is an amine catalyst based on triethylenediamine (TEDA), with the following characteristics:
- High efficiency: TAP can significantly accelerate the reaction between isocyanate and polyol and shorten the foaming time.
- Environmentality: TAP does not contain heavy metals and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and meets environmental protection requirements.
- Stability: TAP has good chemical stability during storage and use and is not easy to decompose.
- Veriofunction: TAP can not only catalyze the reaction of isocyanate with polyols, but also adjust the pore size and density of the foam and improve the physical properties of the material.
2.2 The mechanism of action of TAP
TAP, as a post-ripening catalyst, mainly plays its role in the following two ways:
- Accelerating reaction: TAP can form an intermediate complex with isocyanate and polyol, reducing the activation energy of the reaction, thereby accelerating the reaction rate.
- Adjusting the foam structure: TAP can control the pore size and density of the foam by adjusting the reaction rate and gas release rate, thereby improving the physical properties of the material.
3. Preparation process of high-performance polyurethane foaming system based on TAP
3.1 Raw material selection
Preparation of high-performance polyurethane foaming system based on TAP requires the selection of appropriate raw materials, mainly including:
- Polyol: Commonly used polyols include polyether polyols and polyester polyols, whose molecular weight and functionality have an important impact on the properties of the material.
- Isocyanate: Commonly used isocyanates include MDI (diphenylmethane diisocyanate) and TDI (diisocyanate), and their choice depends on the performance requirements of the material.
- Catalytic: As a post-ripening catalyst, TAP uses and adds it to an important impact on the properties of the material.
- Foaming agent: Commonly used foaming agents include water, physical foaming agents (such as HCFC, HFC, etc.) and chemical foaming agents (such as sodium bicarbonate, etc.).
- Adjuvant: includes stabilizers, flame retardants, plasticizers, etc., which are used to improve the processing and final performance of materials.
3.2 Preparation process
The preparation process of a high-performance polyurethane foaming system based on TAP mainly includes the following steps:
- Raw material pretreatment: Mix the raw materials such as polyols, isocyanates, catalysts, foaming agents in a certain proportion and perform preheating treatment.
- Mixing Reaction: The pretreated raw materials are injected into the mixing head and the mixing reaction is carried out under high-speed stirring.
- Foaming: Inject the mixed raw materials into a mold or continuous production line for foaming.
- Crafting treatment: Crafting the foamed material under certain conditions to achieve a stable physical performance.
- Post-treatment: Perform post-treatment processes such as cutting, grinding, and surface treatment of the mature materials to obtain the final product.
3.3 Process parameters
Key process parameters for preparing a high-performance polyurethane foaming system based on TAP include:
| parameter name | Parameter range | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Polyol/isocyanate ratio | 1:1.05 – 1:1.2 | Adjust to material performance requirements |
| Doing of TAP catalyst | 0.1% – 0.5% | Adjust according to reaction rate and foam structure |
| Doing of foaming agent | 1% – 5% | Adjust according to foam density and pore size |
| Mixing Temperature | 20°C – 40°C | Adjust according to the properties of raw materials and reaction rate |
| Mature temperature | 50°C – 80°C | rootAdjusted according to material performance requirements |
| Mature Time | 1h – 24h | Adjust to material performance requirements |
IV. Performance characteristics of high-performance polyurethane foaming system based on TAP
4.1 Physical performance
The high-performance polyurethane foaming system based on TAP has the following physical properties:
- Lightweight: The foam density is low, usually between 20-200 kg/m³, and has excellent lightweight properties.
- Heat Insulation: The closed-cell structure of the foam makes it have excellent thermal insulation properties and low thermal conductivity.
- sound absorption: The open-cell structure of the foam makes it have good sound absorption properties and is suitable for acoustic materials.
- cushioning: The foam has moderate elastic modulus and has good cushioning performance, which is suitable for packaging materials and automotive interiors.
4.2 Chemical Properties
The high-performance polyurethane foaming system based on TAP has the following chemical properties:
- Chemical resistance: Foam materials have good tolerance to acids, alkalis, salts and other chemical substances.
- Aging resistance: Foam materials have good aging resistance in ultraviolet rays, humidity and heat.
- Flame retardant: By adding flame retardant, foam material can reach a certain flame retardant level and is suitable for fire retardant materials.
4.3 Processing performance
The high-performance polyurethane foaming system based on TAP has the following processing performance characteristics:
- Good fluidity: The raw materials have good fluidity after mixing, which is easy to inject into molds and continuous production lines.
- Fast reaction speed: TAP catalyst can significantly accelerate the reaction rate and shorten the foaming time.
- Good moldability: Foam materials have good moldability in molds and can form complex geometric shapes.
V. Application fields of high-performance polyurethane foaming system based on TAP
5.1 Building insulation materials
A wide range of high-performance polyurethane foaming systems based on TAPIt is used in the field of building insulation materials and has the following advantages:
- Excellent thermal insulation performance: The low thermal conductivity of foam makes it an ideal building insulation material.
- Lightweight: The low density of foam material reduces the load on the building structure.
- Construction is convenient: Foam materials can be constructed through spraying, casting, etc., to adapt to various complex building structures.
5.2 Automobile interior materials
TAP-based high-performance polyurethane foaming system is widely used in the field of automotive interior materials and has the following advantages:
- Good cushioning performance: The elastic modulus of the foam material is moderate, which can effectively absorb impact energy and improve riding comfort.
- sound absorption performance: The open-cell structure of the foam material makes it have good sound absorption performance and reduces noise in the car.
- Lightweight: The low density of foam material helps reduce body weight and improve fuel economy.
5.3 Packaging Materials
TAP-based high-performance polyurethane foaming system is widely used in the field of packaging materials and has the following advantages:
- Excellent cushioning performance: Foam material can effectively absorb impact energy and protect packaging items from damage.
- Lightweight: The low density of foam material reduces packaging weight and reduces transportation costs.
- Customization: Foam materials can be customized according to the shape and size of the packaging items to improve packaging efficiency.
5.4 Shoe material
TAP-based high-performance polyurethane foaming system is widely used in the field of shoe materials and has the following advantages:
- Lightweight: The low density of foam material reduces the weight of the shoes and improves wear comfort.
- Good elasticity: The elastic modulus of the foam material is moderate, has good elasticity, and improves the cushioning performance of the shoes.
- Abrasion Resistance: Foam material has good wear resistance and extends the service life of shoes.
VI. Product parameters of high-performance polyurethane foaming system based on TAP
6.1Rational performance parameters
| parameter name | Parameter range | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 20-200 kg/m³ | Adjust to application area |
| Thermal conductivity | 0.02-0.04 W/(m·K) | Supplementary for building insulation materials |
| Compression Strength | 50-500 kPa | Adjust to application area |
| Rounce rate | 40%-70% | Suitable for shoe materials and automotive interior |
| Water absorption | 1%-5% | Adjust to application area |
6.2 Chemical Properties Parameters
| parameter name | Parameter range | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Acidal and alkali resistance | Good | Applicable to chemical environment |
| Aging resistance | Good | Applicable to outdoor environments |
| Flame retardant grade | B1-B2 | Adjust to application area |
6.3 Processing performance parameters
| parameter name | Parameter range | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Liquidity | Good | Applicable to complex molds |
| Reaction time | 10-60 s | Adjust to application area |
| Forming time | 1-5 min | Adjust to application area |
7. Conclusion
The high-performance polyurethane foaming system based on the post-ripening catalyst TAP has excellent physical, chemical and processing properties, and is widely used in the fields of building insulation, automotive interior, packaging materials and shoe materials. By rationally selecting raw materials and optimizing process parameters, high-performance polyurethane foaming materials can be prepared that meet the needs of different application fields. With the continuous improvement of environmental protection requirements, TAP, as an efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst, will play an increasingly important role in the development and application of polyurethane foaming materials in the future.
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